Distinct Lineages of Bufavirus in Wild Shrews and Nonhuman Primates

Sasaki, Michihito; Orba, Yasuko; Anindita, Paulina Duhita; Ishii, Akihiro; Ueno, Koji; Hang’ombe, Bernard M.; Mweene, Aaron S.; Ito, Kimihito; Sawa, Hirofumi

doi:10.3201/eid2107.141969

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Until now, human bufaviruses, mostly BuV1 or BuV3, has been detected by PCR in several geographical locations in Africa, Europe and Asia; but exclusively in diarrheal stools157891011. Studies have not included other sample types or other diagnostic means, yet the closely related BuV-like viruses have been found in spleens or sera of infected animals, indicating systemic infections1213. Here we analysed for BuV DNA, stool samples and nasal swabs; as well as for BuV and TuV antibodies, sera of children with respiratory infection, gastroenteritis or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BuV-like viruses have been found in wild and captive non-human primates as well as in swine, shrews, rats, bats and fur seals46121314151617. The detection of these viruses in sera of rhesus monkeys in the USA, and in the spleen of wild baboons and shrews in Zambia, suggests that BuV-like viruses may cause systemic infections1213.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The detection of these viruses in sera of rhesus monkeys in the USA, and in the spleen of wild baboons and shrews in Zambia, suggests that BuV-like viruses may cause systemic infections1213.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus

Väisänen

Paloniemi

Kuisma

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Two human parvoviruses were recently discovered by metagenomics in Africa, bufavirus (BuV) in 2012 and tusavirus (TuV) in 2014. These viruses have been studied exclusively by PCR in stool and detected only in patients with diarrhoea, although at low prevalence. Three genotypes of BuV have been identified. We detected, by in-house EIA, BuV1-3 IgG antibodies in 7/228 children (3.1%) and 10/180 adults (5.6%), whereas TuV IgG was found in one child (0.4%). All children and 91% of the adults were Finnish, yet interestingly 3/6 adults of Indian origin were BuV-IgG positive. By competition EIA, no cross-reactivity between the BuVs was detected, indicating that the BuV genotypes represent distinct serotypes. Furthermore, we analysed by BuV qPCR stool and nasal swab samples from 955 children with gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, or both, and found BuV DNA in three stools (0.3%) and for the first time in a nasal swab (0.1%). This is the first study documenting the presence of BuV and TuV antibodies in humans. Although the seroprevalences of both viruses were low in Finland, our results indicate that BuV infections might be widespread in Asia. The BuV-specific humoral immune responses appeared to be strong and long-lasting, pointing to systemic infection in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus

Väisänen

Paloniemi

Kuisma

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The prevalence of bufaviruses in human patients ranges from 0.3% to 4%, and their etiologic role in enteric or extraenteric diseases remains uncertain (16,17,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). Bufaviruses have also been found in other mammalian hosts, including wild and captive nonhuman primates, swine, shrews, rats, bats, and fur seals (18)(19)(20)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Of interest, bufaviruses have also been detected in the serum and spleens of monkeys and in the spleens of shrews (18,44) and in a unique NOP sample of 955 human patients with lower respiratory tract signs (47), suggesting the possibility of extraintestinal or systemic infections.…”

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Novel Parvovirus Related to Primate Bufaviruses in Dogs

Martella¹,

Lanave²,

Mihalov-Kovács³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

130

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A novel protoparvovirus species, related genetically to human bufaviruses, was identified in dogs with respiratory signs. The canine bufavirus was distantly related to the well-known canine protoparvovirus, canine parvovirus type 2, sharing low amino acid identities in the nonstructural protein 1 (40.6%) and in the capsid protein 1 (33.4%). By screening collections of fecal, nasal, and oropharyngeal samples obtained from juvenile dogs (<1 year of age), canine bufavirus DNA appeared as a common component of canine virome. The virus was common in the stool samples of dogs with or without enteric disease and in the nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples of dogs with respiratory signs. However, the virus was not detected in nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples from animals without clinical signs.

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“…The role of bufaviruses as an etiologic agent of human gastroenteritis has not been firmly established yet. Further metagenomic investigations show distinct lineages of bufavirus in wild shrews and non-human primates from Zambia (Sasaki et al, 2015), in Hungarian bats (Kemenesi et al, 2015) and pigs (Hargitai et al, 2016) and in Chinese rats (Yang et al, 2016). This report describes the identification and characterization of bufavirus in faeces of domestic pigs by a metagenomic approach.…”

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Identification of a novel bufavirus in domestic pigs by a viral metagenomic approach

Schwarz

Ullman

Ahola

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Bufavirus is a single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Protoparvovirus. This study reports the identification and characterization of a porcine bufavirus by a metagenomic approach, and a limited epidemiology investigation of bufavirus in six swine farms. A comparative genome analysis showed a similarity of 93 % to a Hungarian porcine bufavirus. Bayesian and maximumlikelihood analyses of genome sequences showed a close relationship of porcine bufaviruses to human and monkey bufaviruses. Molecular dating of the most recent common ancestors supported a recent introduction of bufaviruses into human and pig populations, respectively. A real-time PCR method was developed to screen 60 faecal samples for the porcine bufavirus DNA, and eight positive samples were found in two neighbouring farms, suggesting a relatively low prevalence (13.3 %). No direct transmission of porcine bufaviruses between two neighbouring farms was found, suggesting that bufaviruses may have spread widely in different geographical regions.Bufavirus belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus in the subfamily Parvovirinae (Cotmore et al., 2014). The virus has a single-stranded DNA genome, encoding non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a putative structural protein 1 (VP1), a small hypothetical protein of 130 aa residues and a structural protein 2 (VP2), as demonstrated in a reference genome (GenBank accession number: NC_024888). Genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis have grouped human bufaviruses into three genotypes (Yahiro et al., 2014). Bufavirus has first been identified in faeces of children with acute diarrhoea in Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa, and found in one Tunisian child (Phan et al., 2012). Subsequently, the virus has been discovered sporadically in cases of diarrhoea in Bhutan (Yahiro et al., 2014), Finland (V€ ais€ anen et al., 2014, the Netherlands (Smits et al., 2014), Turkey (Altay et al., 2015), Thailand (Chieochansin et al., 2015) and China (Huang et al., 2015). The role of bufaviruses as an etiologic agent of human gastroenteritis has not been firmly established yet. Further metagenomic investigations show distinct lineages of bufavirus in wild shrews and non-human primates from Zambia (Sasaki et al., 2015), in Hungarian bats (Kemenesi et al., 2015) and pigs (Hargitai et al., 2016) and in Chinese rats (Yang et al., 2016). This report describes the identification and characterization of bufavirus in faeces of domestic pigs by a metagenomic approach.A total of 60 samples were collected from 6-10-week-old pigs, on five Austrian farms and one Hungarian farm (Fig. 1). The samples consisted of five diarrhoeic (semiliquid or liquid form) and five normal faeces per farm. One diarrhoeic and one normal sample from each farm were used for the metagenomic studies and all samples were used for subsequent epidemiological investigation. About 200 mg of faeces were diluted to 1 ml of water, vortexed vigorously for 1 min and centrifuged at 14 000 g for 10 min. Supernatant (400 µl) was treated with 400 U ml À1 DNase I (Ro...

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Distinct Lineages of Bufavirus in Wild Shrews and Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus

Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus

Novel Parvovirus Related to Primate Bufaviruses in Dogs

Identification of a novel bufavirus in domestic pigs by a viral metagenomic approach

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