Distinct competitive impacts of palatability of taste stimuli on sampling dynamics during a preference test.

Abstract

Food or taste preference tests are analogous to naturalistic decisions in which the animal selects which stimuli to sample and for how long to sample them. The data acquired in such tests, the relative amounts of the alternative stimuli that are sampled and consumed, indicate the preference for each. While such preferences are typically recorded as a single quantity, an analysis of the ongoing sampling dynamics producing the preference can reveal otherwise hidden aspects of the decision-making process that depend on its underlying neural circuit mechanisms. Here, we perform a dynamic analysis of two factors that give rise to preferences in a two-alternative task, namely the distribution of durations of sampling bouts of each stimulus and the likelihood of returning to the same stimulus or switching to the alternative-that is, the transition probability-following each bout. The results of our analysis support a specific computational model of decision making whereby an exponential distribution of bout durations has a mean that is positively correlated with the palatability of that stimulus but also negatively correlated with the palatability of the alternative. This impact of the alternative stimulus on the distribution of bout durations decays over a timescale of tens of seconds, even though the memory of the alternative stimulus lasts far longer-long enough to impact the transition probabilities upon ending bouts. Together, our findings support a state transition model for bout durations and suggest a separate memory mechanism for stimulus selection.

Changes in taste palatability across the estrous cycle are modulated by hypothalamic estradiol signaling

“…It is also possible that our delivery of tastes ranging from highly pleasant to unpleasant in single sessions may have influenced the rats’ behavior, thereby causing a difference between ours and this earlier work. As noted earlier, taste palatability is intrinsically a comparative measure—an animal’s preference evaluation is dependent on the nature of the other tastes available (Ballintyn et al, 2023; Flaherty et al, 1995; Flaherty & Rowan, 1986; see also Figure 3A herein). It is, therefore, not entirely surprising to find differences in the consumption of a taste when it is delivered alone and when it is delivered among tastants of different palatabilities; the few studies (Clarke & Ossenkopp, 1998; Parker et al, 2002) that have examined cycle-dependent responses to multiple tastes have rendered results that are in broad accord with our own.…”