Distance and risk measures for the analysis of spatial data: A study of childhood cancers

Ecological study on residences in the vicinity of AM radio broadcasting towers and cancer death: preliminary observations in Korea

“…In this study, leukemia mortality in the exposed group for those aged less than 30 years was significantly higher than in the control group. Some previous studies reported an excess of childhood leukemia in association with proximity to AM/FM radio and television facilities [4,5], others reported negative association [6,7,20]. In the case of leukemia in this paper, however, there was no doseresponse or increasing/decreasing trends according to the level of electrical power.…”

“…The first types of studies were ecological correlation studies that resulted from mortality and/or morbidity associated with proximity to radio and/or television transmitters. Some studies have suggested excess leukemia morbidity and/or mortality rates [4,5]; however, others have not consistently found such findings [6,7]. These conflicting results might be caused by ecological fallacy, misclassification of exposure assessment and uncontrolled confounding factors.…”

Ecological study on residences in the vicinity of AM radio broadcasting towers and cancer death: preliminary observations in Korea

“…In this study, leukemia mortality in the exposed group for those aged less than 30 years was significantly higher than in the control group. Some previous studies reported an excess of childhood leukemia in association with proximity to AM/FM radio and television facilities [4,5], others reported negative association [6,7,20]. In the case of leukemia in this paper, however, there was no doseresponse or increasing/decreasing trends according to the level of electrical power.…”

“…The first types of studies were ecological correlation studies that resulted from mortality and/or morbidity associated with proximity to radio and/or television transmitters. Some studies have suggested excess leukemia morbidity and/or mortality rates [4,5]; however, others have not consistently found such findings [6,7]. These conflicting results might be caused by ecological fallacy, misclassification of exposure assessment and uncontrolled confounding factors.…”

Epidemiological studies of radio frequency exposures and human cancer

“…In Sydney, Australia , increased incidence and mortality rates of childhood leukemia in areas close to a VHF-TV transmitter were shown, but a further analysis showed that the excess applied only to one of the three areas close to the transmitter ]. An earlier study of childhood cancer in San Francisco showed no geographical association with a transmitter described as a microwave tower [Selvin et al, 1992].…”

Certainty, uncertainty, and the spatiality of disease: a West Nile Virus example

“…23-24). As others before him had noted, plotting disease location may provide a general description of location but will not necessarily result in an accurate summary of risk because of problems of population estimation within an area (see, for example, Selvin et al 1992;Selvin et al 1998). Both the appropriate numerator and precise denominator required for the calculation of risk ratios are, in other words, difficult to assess accurately, introducing uncertainty in even simple calculations common to contemporary disease studies.…”

Ecological study on residences in the vicinity of AM radio broadcasting towers and cancer death: preliminary observations in Korea

“…In this study, leukemia mortality in the exposed group for those aged less than 30 years was significantly higher than in the control group. Some previous studies reported an excess of childhood leukemia in association with proximity to AM/FM radio and television facilities [4,5], others reported negative association [6,7,20]. In the case of leukemia in this paper, however, there was no doseresponse or increasing/decreasing trends according to the level of electrical power.…”

“…The first types of studies were ecological correlation studies that resulted from mortality and/or morbidity associated with proximity to radio and/or television transmitters. Some studies have suggested excess leukemia morbidity and/or mortality rates [4,5]; however, others have not consistently found such findings [6,7]. These conflicting results might be caused by ecological fallacy, misclassification of exposure assessment and uncontrolled confounding factors.…”

Epidemiological studies of radio frequency exposures and human cancer

“…In Sydney, Australia , increased incidence and mortality rates of childhood leukemia in areas close to a VHF-TV transmitter were shown, but a further analysis showed that the excess applied only to one of the three areas close to the transmitter ]. An earlier study of childhood cancer in San Francisco showed no geographical association with a transmitter described as a microwave tower [Selvin et al, 1992].…”

Certainty, uncertainty, and the spatiality of disease: a West Nile Virus example

“…23-24). As others before him had noted, plotting disease location may provide a general description of location but will not necessarily result in an accurate summary of risk because of problems of population estimation within an area (see, for example, Selvin et al 1992;Selvin et al 1998). Both the appropriate numerator and precise denominator required for the calculation of risk ratios are, in other words, difficult to assess accurately, introducing uncertainty in even simple calculations common to contemporary disease studies.…”

Ecological study on residences in the vicinity of AM radio broadcasting towers and cancer death: preliminary observations in Korea

“…In this study, leukemia mortality in the exposed group for those aged less than 30 years was significantly higher than in the control group. Some previous studies reported an excess of childhood leukemia in association with proximity to AM/FM radio and television facilities [4,5], others reported negative association [6,7,20]. In the case of leukemia in this paper, however, there was no doseresponse or increasing/decreasing trends according to the level of electrical power.…”

“…The first types of studies were ecological correlation studies that resulted from mortality and/or morbidity associated with proximity to radio and/or television transmitters. Some studies have suggested excess leukemia morbidity and/or mortality rates [4,5]; however, others have not consistently found such findings [6,7]. These conflicting results might be caused by ecological fallacy, misclassification of exposure assessment and uncontrolled confounding factors.…”

Epidemiological studies of radio frequency exposures and human cancer

“…In Sydney, Australia , increased incidence and mortality rates of childhood leukemia in areas close to a VHF-TV transmitter were shown, but a further analysis showed that the excess applied only to one of the three areas close to the transmitter ]. An earlier study of childhood cancer in San Francisco showed no geographical association with a transmitter described as a microwave tower [Selvin et al, 1992].…”

Certainty, uncertainty, and the spatiality of disease: a West Nile Virus example

“…23-24). As others before him had noted, plotting disease location may provide a general description of location but will not necessarily result in an accurate summary of risk because of problems of population estimation within an area (see, for example, Selvin et al 1992;Selvin et al 1998). Both the appropriate numerator and precise denominator required for the calculation of risk ratios are, in other words, difficult to assess accurately, introducing uncertainty in even simple calculations common to contemporary disease studies.…”