The aim of this thesis is to characterize the shallow gas deposits of the inner area of the Bahía Blanca estuary and to evaluate the effect of the gas-bearing sediments on the associated subtidal benthic communities. For this purpose, the distribution of shallow gas in the estuary was mapped through the analysis of highresolution seismic records. Based on this map, two study sites were selected (with gas and control) that only differed in the presence of gas in contact with the surface of the seabed. Acoustic methods were used to determine the stratigraphy and morphology of the site with gas and the adjacent area. In addition, the gas sediments were evaluated by means of the following analyses: grain size, organic matter content, X-rays and HPLC head space measurement. The benthic organisms of both sites were compared in terms of abundance, biomass, diversity, evenness, species richness, taxonomic and functional structure. The gas was found widely distributed in the estuary, both near and in contact with the surface of the seabed of the inner area of the Bahía Blanca estuary. It was evidenced in the form of acoustic turbidity and acoustic blanking. The seismo-stratigraphic column presented five seismic sequences of the late Pleistocene-Holocene. It was established that the gas origin is biogenic, being associated with a Middle Holocene deposit, from which it migrated until it was in contact with the surface of the seabed due to the permeability of the overlying strata. The gas in the surface of the seabed was evidenced in sonograms by means of the attenuation of the acoustic signal, which evidences a low cohesion Índice Dedicatoria…………………………………………………………………………………………………….I