Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae harbouring blaNDM or blaIMI in local market foods of Yangon, Myanmar

Abstract

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) poses a serious threat to clinical practice and public health. These bacteria are present both in clinical settings and non-clinical environments. The presence of CPE in food stuffs has been reported, but sporadically so. Here, we screened for CPE in meat, seafood, and vegetable samples from local markets of Yangon, Myanmar. We obtained 27 CPE isolates from 93 food samples and identified 13 as Escherichia coli, six as Klebsiella pneumoniae, seven as Enterobacter cloacae complex, and one as Serratia marcescens. All except the E. cloacae complex harboured the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-5, while all Enterobacter isolates carried the carbapenemase gene blaIMI-1. The blaIMI-1 gene was located in putative mobile elements EcloIMEX-2, -3, or -8. Using multi-locus sequence typing, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae complex isolates were classified into 10, six, and five different sequence types, respectively. Our results demonstrate that diverse organisms with various carbapenemase genes are widespread in the market foods in Yangon, highlighting the need for promoting proper food hygiene and effective measures to prevent further dissemination.

Plasmid-Borne and Chromosomal ESBL/AmpC Genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Global Food Products

“…bla CTX–M–1 , bla CTX–M–9 , and bla TEM–1 were identified in the latter study, which may point to inadequate hygiene measures after heat processing or cross contamination, in which bacteria are introduced to products after heat processing. We did not recover any carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in our study, although CPE have been recovered previously from meat, vegetable, and seafood products of Southeast Asian origin ( Zurfluh et al, 2015a ; Janecko et al, 2016 ; Sugawara et al, 2019 ). However, the selection with cefotaxime in the pre-enrichment of samples in our study might cause carbapenemase producing strains to be missed.…”

Detection of VIM, NDM and OXA-48 producing carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales among clinical isolates in Southern Hungary

“…Their cost and the need for trained technicians however, are significant drawbacks. While there has been some developments in the introduction of new b-lactam/non-boronic or boron-based b-lactamase-inhibitor combinations (e.g., ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/ avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam) in therapy for Class A carbapenemases, wecurrentlydo notpossess adequate b-lactamtherapy for metallo-b-lactamase-producing (Class B) strains [55]; these Zn 2þ -dependent enzymes are inhibited by metal chelators, such as EDTA or dipicolinic acid, but no clinicallyrelevant metallo-b-lactamase-inhibitor has been identified thus far [56]. An additional therapeutic concern is the possibility of strains possessing more than one type of carbapenemase, eliminating b-lactams as potential therapeutic options [56].…”

Genomic Analysis of Carbapenemase-Producing Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Reveals the Horizontal Spread of p18-43_01 Plasmid Encoding blaNDM-1 in South Africa

“…The global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) poses a serious threat to public health and clinical practice as these bacteria are resistant to the last-resort antibiotics (carbapenems) and cause high mortality [46][47][48]. The rapid emergence and widespread dissemination of XDR K. pneumoniae over recent years are of great concern [49].…”