Disseminated <scp><i>M</i></scp><i>ycobacterium marinum</i> infection in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient

Jacobs, Samantha; George, Aswathi A.; Papanicolaou, Genovefa A.; Lacouture, Mario E.; Tan, Ben; Jakubowski, Ann A.; Kaltsas, Anna

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00681.x

Cited by 14 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…M. marinum is a photochromogenic mycobacterium that is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. Known as “swimmer's granuloma” or “fish tank granuloma,” M. marinum infection is an occupational hazard for aquarium cleaners and fishermen [51]. Erysipelas is an animal disease caused by Gram-positive bacterium E. rhusiopathiae .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically Hazardous Agents at Work and Efforts to Protect Workers' Health: A Review of Recent Reports

Rim

Lim

2014

Safety and Health at Work

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Because information on biological agents in the workplace is lacking, biological hazard analyses at the workplace to securely recognize the harmful factors with biological basis are desperately needed. This review concentrates on literatures published after 2010 that attempted to detect biological hazards to humans, especially workers, and the efforts to protect them against these factors. It is important to improve the current understanding of the health hazards caused by biological factors at the workplace. In addition, this review briefly describes these factors and provides some examples of their adverse health effects. It also reviews risk assessments, protection with personal protective equipment, prevention with training of workers, regulations, as well as vaccinations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically Hazardous Agents at Work and Efforts to Protect Workers' Health: A Review of Recent Reports

Rim

Lim

2014

Safety and Health at Work

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“…NTM infections have been reported more frequently in recipients of: allografts than in autografts, myeloablative transplants than in non-myeloablative transplants, and matched unrelated donor as well as mismatched allografts than in sibling allogeneic transplants (4, 65–71). NTM infections have been reported in patients receiving conditioning therapies comprising: total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, busulphan, ATG, and alemtuzumab (4, 26, 64–70).…”

Section: Risk Factors For Development Of Ntm Infections In Hsctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NTM infections have been reported in patients receiving conditioning therapies comprising: total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, busulphan, ATG, and alemtuzumab (4, 26, 64–70). NTM infections have been reported in almost all type of HSCT including: autologous HSCT, sibling allogeneic HSCT, unrelated allografts, umbilical cord blood transplants, T-cell depleted grafts, and myeloablative as well as non-myeloablative allogeneic transplants (4, 65–71). With better M. tuberculosis prophylaxis, intensive immunosuppressive therapy and better awareness, NTM infections have become an emergent marker of severe immunosuppression and poor prognosis.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Development Of Ntm Infections In Hsctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of appropriate therapy, localized infections may become disseminated and may even cause regional and painful lymphadenopathy in immunocompromised HSCT patients. However, even in the presence of targeted therapy, skin infections may disseminate (70, 71). …”

Section: Skin Infections Caused By Ntm In Hsct Recipientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant morbidity and mortality has been reported particularly in patients having other comorbid medical conditions (26, 64, 69–71). Good outcome is associated with: appropriate antimicrobial therapy, CVC-related infections and localized disease while poor prognosis is associated with: inappropriate antimicrobial therapy, delayed initiation of antibiotic treatment, disseminated disease, bloodstream infections, and severe immunosuppression in the host (63–67, 69–72).…”

Section: Course and Prognosis Of Ntm Infections In Hsctmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infections Caused by Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

2014

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Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are acid-fast bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and can colonize soil, dust particles, water sources, and food supplies. They are divided into rapidly growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium abscessus as well as slowly growing species such as Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium marinum. About 160 different species, which can cause community acquired and health care-associated infections, have been identified. NTM are becoming increasingly recognized in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with incidence rates ranging between 0.4 and 10%. These infections are 50–600 times commoner in transplant recipients than in the general population and the time of onset ranges from day 31 to day 1055 post-transplant. They have been reported following various forms of HSCT. Several risk factors predispose to NTM infections in recipients of stem cell transplantation and these are related to the underlying medical condition and its treatment, the pre-transplant conditioning therapies as well as the transplant procedure and its complications. Clinically, NTM may present with: unexplained fever, lymphadenopathy, osteomyelitis, soft tissue and skin infections, central venous catheter infections, bacteremia, lung, and gastrointestinal tract involvement. However, disseminated infections are commonly encountered in severely immunocompromised individuals and bloodstream infections are almost always associated with catheter-related infections. It is usually difficult to differentiate colonization from true infection, thus, the threshold for starting therapy remains undetermined. Respiratory specimens such as sputum, pleural fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage in addition to cultures of blood, bone, skin, and soft tissues are essential diagnostically. Susceptibility testing of mycobacterial isolates is a basic component of optimal care. Currently, there are no guidelines for the treatment of NTM infections in recipients of stem cell transplantation, but such infections have been successfully treated with surgical debridement, removal of infected or colonized indwelling intravascular devices, and administration of various combinations of antimicrobials. Monotherapy can be associated with development of drug resistance due to new genetic mutation. The accepted duration of treatment is 9 months in allogeneic stem cell transplantation and 6 months in autologous setting. Unfortunately, eradication of NTM infections may be impossible and their treatment is often complicated by adverse effects and interactions with other transplant-related medication.

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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Transplant Recipients

Philley

Safdar

Daley

2019

Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases

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Disseminated Mycobacterium marinum infection in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Biologically Hazardous Agents at Work and Efforts to Protect Workers' Health: A Review of Recent Reports

Biologically Hazardous Agents at Work and Efforts to Protect Workers' Health: A Review of Recent Reports

Infections Caused by Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Transplant Recipients

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