Disseminated Cutaneous Kaposi Sarcoma and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Idiopathic CD4+ T Lymphocytopenia

Update on PML: Lessons from the HIV uninfected and new insights in pathogenesis and treatment

“…The disease inevitably led to rapid, progressive neurologic decline and death within months after the initial presentation of PML. There are similar case reports describing patients with idiopathic CD4 + T-cell lymphopenia who developed PML [ 41 ]. Idiopathic immune defi ciency syndromes other than CD4 + T-cell lymphopenia underlie PML as well.…”

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with immunovirological control and at least 6 months of combination antiretroviral therapy

“…Coexistent presentation of PML and Castleman's disease or Kaposi sarcoma has been described in PWH, and in patients with idiopathic CD4 þ T lymphocytopenia but all these patients had CD4 þ cell counts below 100 cells/ml [30,31].…”

“…The risk of Kaposi sarcoma and Castleman's disease increases in PWH with low CD4 + cell counts but can occur at any CD4 + cell count [29]. Coexistent presentation of PML and Castleman's disease or Kaposi sarcoma has been described in PWH, and in patients with idiopathic CD4 + T lymphocytopenia but all these patients had CD4 + cell counts below 100 cells/μl [30,31].…”

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia: A case report and review of literature

“…A literature search on PubMed for cases of PML in ICL using keywords “progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy” and “idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia” revealed 19 cases .…”