Disseminated Anergic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Simpson, M

doi:10.1001/archderm.1968.01610090073011

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…From the clinical perspective, perhaps the first documented autochthonous case of leishmaniasis in NEM was reported by Ramos-Aguirre [ 64 ] in a six-year-old girl from the state of Coahuila. A case of DCL was identified in San Benito, Texas, USA [ 75 ]. However, in this study, it could not be established whether or not the case was autochthonous to the USA, as the 64-year-old infected woman reported frequent visits to the Mexican states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of phlebotomine sandflies and putative reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis in a border area in Northeastern Mexico: implications for the risk of transmission ofLeishmania mexicanain Mexico and the USA

et al. 2017

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Leishmaniases are a group of important diseases transmitted to humans through the bite of sandfly vectors. Several forms of leishmaniases are endemic in Mexico and especially in the Southeast region. In the Northeastern region, however, there have only been isolated reports of cases and scanty records of sandfly vectors. The main objective of this study was to analyze the diversity of sandflies and potential reservoir hosts of Leishmania spp. in the states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. Species richness and abundances of sandflies and rodents were recorded. A fraction of the caught sandflies was analyzed by PCR to detect Leishmania spp. Tissues from captured rodents were also screened for infection. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) were computed for species of rodent and their association with crop-growing areas. We found 13 species of sandflies, several of which are first records for this region. Medically important species such as Lutzomyia anthophora, Lutzomyia diabolica, Lutzomyia cruciata, and Lutzomyia shannoni were documented. Leishmania spp. infection was not detected in sandflies. Nine species of rodents were recorded, and Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana infection was found in four species of Peromyscus and Sigmodon. ENMs showed that potential distribution of rodent pest species overlaps with allocated crop areas. This shows that Leishmania (L.) mexicana infection is present in the Northeastern region of Mexico, and that previously unrecorded sandfly species occur in the same areas. These findings suggest a potential risk of transmission of Leishmania (L.) mexicana.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of phlebotomine sandflies and putative reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis in a border area in Northeastern Mexico: implications for the risk of transmission ofLeishmania mexicanain Mexico and the USA

et al. 2017

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“…HIV particles in cells infected with L. infantum (the Old World analog of L. chagasi ) have increased transcriptional activity 13 . Furthermore, L. infantum up‐regulates HIV replication in macrophages by releasing TNF‐α and IL‐1 α, 13 and also via a lipophosphoglycan‐mediated mechanism 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Furthermore, L. infantum up-regulates HIV replication in macrophages by releasing TNF-α and IL-1 α , 13 and also via a lipophosphoglycan-mediated mechanism. 14 HAART has led to a significant decrease in the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in AIDS patients in south-western Europe. 11,15 This is likely due to the enhancement of immunity that occurs with HAART as well as the possible action of protease inhibitors against leishmania proteasomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

et al. 2008

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Leishmaniasis is an emerging disease in HIV-infected persons; visceral leishmaniasis is an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. The parasite that causes this infection is usually transmitted by the sandfly and occasionally by nonsterile needles among intravenous drug users. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is a rare anergic variant of leishmanial infection with the characteristic presentation of numerous nonulcerating nodules with an abundant parasite load, lack of visceral involvement, negative reaction to the leishmanin skin test, and a chronic course with incomplete response to treatment and frequent relapses. We report a case of DCL that developed in the context of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a man with AIDS following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. We also review DCL to emphasize the importance of recognizing and treating this evolving disease in the growing population of patients on immunorestorative therapy.

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“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. veneziielensis affects children less than 6 years of age in 19%-of the cases (5), In Saudi Arabia, 66% of the patients with CL were younger than 10 years of age (6), and L. aethiopica occurs in the age group of 0 to 10 years in 37% of the cases (7), DCL begins in childhood in approximately 66% of the cases in the Old World and in 61% of the cases in the New World (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

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confidence: 99%