Diseases of Spinal Roots

Chalk, Colin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7216-9491-7.50057-0

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…By contrast, spinal roots in the subarachnoid space are surrounded by an extension of the pia mater, which is thinner and looser and may not have the barrier function possessed by the perineurium. 12,16 Similarly, as a peripheral nerve approaches its termination and begins to branch, the perineurial sleeve becomes progressively thinner and finishes as an open cuff. 5 Thus, unlike peripheral nerve trunks, both spinal roots and distal portions of peripheral nerves are directly exposed to the surrounding milieu and can more readily access blood-borne nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Vulnerability of Peripheral Nerves in Avian Riboflavin Deficiency Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency in young chickens produces a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. In this study, day-old broiler meat chickens were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet (1.8 mg/kg) and killed on posthatch days 6, 11, 16, 21, and 31, while control chickens were given a conventional diet containing 5.0 mg/kg riboflavin. Pathologic changes were found in sciatic, cervical, and lumbar spinal nerves of riboflavin-deficient chickens from day 11 onwards, characterized by endoneurial oedema, hypertrophic Schwann cells, tomacula (redundant myelin swellings), demyelination/remyelination, lipid deposition, and fibroblastic onion bulb formation. Similar changes were also found in large and medium intramuscular nerves, although they were less severe in the latter. However, by contrast, ventral and dorsal spinal nerve roots, distal intramuscular nerves, and subcutaneous nerves were normal at all time points examined. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that riboflavin deficiency in young, rapidly growing chickens produces selective injury to peripheral nerve trunks, with relative sparing of spinal nerve roots and distal nerve branches to muscle and skin. These novel findings suggest that the response of Schwann cells in peripheral nerves with riboflavin deficiency differs because either there are subsets of these cells in, or there is variability in access of nutrients to, different sites within the nerves.Key words: Avian species; demyelination; neuropathy; peripheral nerves; riboflavin deficiency.The normal functioning of the nervous system depends on a constant supply of nutrients. A deficiency of vitamins, particularly groups B (thiamine, cobalamin, pyridoxine, and niacin) and E, generally produces an axonal type of polyneuropathy.22,41 However, riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency is characterized by demyelination with hypertrophy of Schwann cells, marked lipid accumulation, paranodal tomacula, and fibroblastic onion bulbs. [6][7][8]19,20 There is, at least initially, sparing of axons, and spinal cord and brain are apparently unaffected. 7 Riboflavin (7,8-dimethyl-10-ribityl-isoalloxazine) is a water-soluble vitamin and a dietary requirement in both chickens and humans. It is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and decreased levels of these coenzymes impair oxidative phosphorylation. 36 Riboflavin deficiency leads to decreased beta-oxidation of fatty acids with relative preservation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 37 The lipid deposition in Schwann cells and the formation of paranodal redundant loops of normal myelin (paranodal tomacula) suggest a disturbance of lipid metabolism and control of myelin membrane formation in the myelinating Schwann cell.The novel findings in this study that Schwann cells in spinal nerve roots and subcutaneous and distal intramuscular nerves do not show these pathologic changes suggest that Schwann cells in different parts of the peripheral nerve system respond differently to riboflavin deficiency. Materials and MethodsOur a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Vulnerability of Peripheral Nerves in Avian Riboflavin Deficiency Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

et al. 2009

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“…The cases presented here illustrate the importance of considering a large differential diagnosis for patients with cauda equina syndrome ( Chalk, 2005 ) . Metastatic breast cancer was not thought to be a likely etiology in either case, and initial diagnostic errors led to inappropriate therapies.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 97%

Metastatic lobular breast adenocarcinoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome

Staff

Bosch

Engelstad

et al. 2010

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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“…A irradiação do laser pontual em média de 2 a 4 meses, no comprimento de onda médio de 780nm (estudos 2, 5, 10, 11, 16 e 23) 18,20,35,36,37,38 , dá crédito à utilização da terapêutica na NPIQ. A Polineuropatia periférica pode ser induzida por medicamentos, estando o Paclitaxel na lista de medicamentos neurotóxicos a desenvolver este tipo de patologia 60 .…”

Section: Fotobiomodulação E Neuropatia Periféricaunclassified

Fotobiomodulação para o tratamento de Neuropatia Periférica Induzida por Paclitaxel: uma revisão integrativa

De Oliveira,

Bueno,

Da Silva

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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Objetivo: sintetizar o conhecimento sobre a utilização da fotobiomodulação para o tratamento de neuropatias periféricas induzidas por Paclitaxel, buscando evidências para a melhoria da assistência a pacientes em tratamento para o câncer de mama. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa entre os anos de 2018 a 2023, com utilização das bases de dados Embase, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), e PubMed. Resultados: foram revisados 28 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, dos quais, com base nos desfechos mais prevalentes, evidenciou-se três tópicos que discorrem sobre a neuropatia periférica induzida por quimioterapia; tratamentos utilizados; e a fotobiomodulação e neuropatia periférica. Conclusões: o paclitaxel demonstrou ser o principal agente causador da neurotoxicidade, demandando urgência em estratégias de enfrentamento dos sintomas. Os benefícios evidenciados pela terapêutica de fotobiomodulação nas neuropatias periféricas são diretamente proporcionais ao dano que o paclitaxel causa ao nervo periférico, proporcionando recuperação das deteriorações.

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Diseases of Spinal Roots

Cited by 5 publications

References 93 publications

Selective Vulnerability of Peripheral Nerves in Avian Riboflavin Deficiency Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Selective Vulnerability of Peripheral Nerves in Avian Riboflavin Deficiency Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Metastatic lobular breast adenocarcinoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome

Fotobiomodulação para o tratamento de Neuropatia Periférica Induzida por Paclitaxel: uma revisão integrativa

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