Disease Trends and Characteristics of Circulating Vaccine derived Poliovirus Isolated in the National Reference Polio Laboratory from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Kavunga, Hugo; Simulundu, Edgar; Ahuka, Steve; Mweene, Aaron S.; Muyembe, Jean Jacques

doi:10.21767/1989-5216.1000226

Cited by 1 publication

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“…VDPVs emerge in settings where there is poor sanitation, immunity against polio is low, and the live Sabin virus in the OPV is allowed to mutate into a variant form that can cause paralysis [5]. Following OPV administration, some of the live Sabin virus may combine with native gut enteroviruses (e.g., Coxsackie virus) in the small intestine, subsequently undergoing mutation [6,7]. The divergent strain may then cause disease in unvaccinated children who are in contact with the faeces of vaccinated children and are therefore exposed to the virus [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poliomyelitis Outbreak in Papua New Guinea, 2018

Raphael¹,

Adam²,

Chughtai³

et al. 2022

Global Biosecurity

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Background: Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) remains a significant barrier to global poliomyelitis eradication. Following 18 years of polio-free status, an epidemic of circulating VDPV type 1 (cVDPV1) occurred in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 2018. We describe the epidemiology of the 2018 cVDPV1 epidemic in PNG, and identify risk factors which may aid future policy and control efforts.Methods: Data pertaining to the 2018 PNG epidemic were extracted from EPIWATCH and supplemented with data from other sources, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), and published literature. Descriptive analyses were undertaken, and key risk factors identified.Results: 26 cases of cVDPV1 were confirmed throughout the duration of the epidemic (April to October 2018) in nine provinces. Of the 26 cases, 19 (73%) were males and 7 (27%) were females, and most of the cases (73%) occurred in children under the age of five. Population immunization coverage of three doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV3) was found to fluctuate between 60-80% between 2000 and 2018. Nonpolio Acute Flaccid Paralysis (NPAFP) surveillance rates were also found to be suboptimal over this period.Conclusions: A combination of low routine immunization coverage, lacking supplementary immunization activities, and ineffective surveillance systems, in the context of a struggling health system, culminated in this epidemic. To prevent future poliomyelitis epidemics in PNG, emphasis must be placed on supporting the health system to maintain high vaccination coverage, in conjunction with robust and effective surveillance systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%