Discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitude measures as an indicator of attitude strength

Karpen, Samuel C.; Jia, Lile; Rydell, Robert J.

doi:10.1002/ejsp.849

Cited by 27 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…More positively, there is strong evidence from both the implicit and explicit responses demonstrating solidarity with fellow Japanese speakers of English. The consistency found between implicit and explicit attitude ratings, where a clear tendency was found for participants to evaluate (speakers) of different forms of South and East Asian English negatively, with the exception of Japanese English, points to an absence of social desirability bias in the explicit evaluations and indicates that Japanese students' attitudes towards these speech forms are strong, relatively stable and resistant to change (see Karpen, Jia, and Rydell ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“The people who are out of ‘right’ English”: Japanese university students' social evaluations of English language diversity and the internationalisation of Japanese higher education

McKenzie

Gilmore

2015

Int J App Linguistics

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Previous research indicates that evaluations of speech forms reflect stereotypes of, and attitudes towards, the perceived group(s) of speakers of the language/ variety under consideration. This study, employing both implicit and explicit attitude measures, investigates 158 Japanese university students' perceptions of forms of UK, US, Japanese, Chinese, Thai and Indian English speech. The results show a general convergence between students' explicit and implicit attitudes, for instance, regarding US and UK English as the most correct, and solidarity with Japanese speakers of English. The findings are discussed in relation to intergroup relations between the traditional Japanese cohort and specific groups of overseas students, particularly in light of recent internationalisation policies adopted by many Japanese universities, and the resultant increase in international students from South and East Asia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“The people who are out of ‘right’ English”: Japanese university students' social evaluations of English language diversity and the internationalisation of Japanese higher education

McKenzie

Gilmore

2015

Int J App Linguistics

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“…Attitudes are a key construct in social psychology and are regarded as important determinants across various (health) behaviors. Both implicit and explicit attitudes can predict the same (health) behavior [26,27] and individuals can hold dissonant explicit and implicit attitudes towards the same behavior or object [28][29][30][31]. Similarly to dissonant self-relevant constructs, dissonant attitudes are experienced as unpleasant [29] and lead to difficulties in functioning, which individuals are highly motivated to diminish.…”

Section: Intentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also it was claimed that "Meat should be of special interest to psychologists, because it is a quintessential example of the interesting and important state of ambivalence" [47]. Based on this knowledge, we expected dissonance regarding RMC to exist between the implicit and the explicit level as it has been shown for other behaviors [28][29][30][31] and, therefore, selected the behavior at hand to answer the research questions. Moreover, shedding light on the relationships between IED and RMC could support the development of future interventions that are aiming to reduce RMC.…”

Section: Intentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness is not associated with dissonant attitudes but enhances the ability to cope with them

et al. 2020

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Background: Explicit and implicit attitudes have been studied extensively, but there is less attention to reducing dissonance between them. This is relevant because this dissonance (IED) results in distress and has inconsistent effects on behavior, e.g. less physical activity but more smoking. Mindfulness decreases dissonance between selfrelated explicit and implicit constructs. This study investigates if, and which, specific mindfulness subskills are associated with decreased dissonance between explicit and implicit attitudes, and whether mindfulness subskills moderate the relationship between IED and intention/behavior. Method: At baseline and one and three months thereafter, participants' (N = 1476) explicit attitudes, implicit attitudes, red meat consumption (RMC), intention to reduce RMC as well as levels of trait mindfulness were assessed. Results: Mindfulness subskills were not associated with decreased IED. IED was associated with lower RMC and a higher intention to reduce RMC. The mindfulness subskill acceptance buffered the effect of IED on intention, seemingly offering a skill to deal with dissonant attitudes, which was unidentified until now. Conclusion: The mindfulness subskill accepting without judgment functions as a way to deal with dissonance. Future research should use this novel finding and investigate whether mindfulness can be used as a buffer in contexts where dissonance results in maladaptive behaviors.

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“…Nosek (2007) shows that more socially sensitive issues, like AA policies, tend to exhibit greater implicit-explicit discrepancy. This finding is important because predictive attitude validity is affected by the strength of the association between implicit and explicit measures, with greater discrepancies decreasing attitude predictive validity over behavior (Karpen, Jia, & Rydell, 2012). Consequently, a greater discrepancy between implicit and explicit attitudes on AA may reduce our ability to predict behaviors related to AA, more generally.…”

Section: Measurement Of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes On Aa Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes on Affirmative Action in University Students: Effects of Race, Political Beliefs and Prejudice

Pilati

Turgeon

2019

Univ Psychol

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The interplay between explicit and implicit attitudes toward affirmative action (AA) policies is relevant to applied psychology. Its comprehension helps to improve our capacity to evaluate support for such policies. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which students’ race, political opinion of affirmative action, and prejudice against minorities influence the relationship between implicit-explicit attitudes toward affirmative action policies. 492 student participants were recruited from a large Brazilian public university about racial quotas in admissions. Implicit and explicit measures of attitude about the admission process were applied, together with measures of political opinion of affirmative action, prejudice against minorities and race. The results show that race has little effect on the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes about the admission process, but that prejudice and political position exert strong effects. Our findings suggest that implicit measures of attitudes should be used when evaluating attitudes on AA.

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Discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitude measures as an indicator of attitude strength

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

“The people who are out of ‘right’ English”: Japanese university students' social evaluations of English language diversity and the internationalisation of Japanese higher education

“The people who are out of ‘right’ English”: Japanese university students' social evaluations of English language diversity and the internationalisation of Japanese higher education

Mindfulness is not associated with dissonant attitudes but enhances the ability to cope with them

Attitudes on Affirmative Action in University Students: Effects of Race, Political Beliefs and Prejudice

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