Discovery of Mosquito Saliva MicroRNAs during CHIKV Infection

Maharaj, Payal D.; Widen, Steven G.; Huang, Jing; Wood, Thomas G.; Thangamani, Saravanan

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003386

Cited by 56 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…9,10,[28][29][30][31][32] Phenotypic divergence among animal species may be due in part to lineage-and species-specific regulation of gene expression by miRNAs. miRNAs restricted to mosquitoes may contribute to mosquito-specific functions and, as such, have potential for contributing to the development of novel mosquito control approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito-specific microRNA-1890 targets the juvenile hormone-regulated serine protease JHA15 in the female mosquito gut

et al. 2015

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S Raikhel (2015) Mosquito-specific microRNA-1890 targets the juvenile hormone-regulated serine protease JHA15 in the female mosquito gut, RNA Biology, 12:12, 1383-1390, DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015 Females of the hematophagous mosquito species require a vertebrate blood meal to supply amino acids and other nutrients necessary for egg development, serving as the driving force for the spread of many vector-borne diseases in humans. Blood digestion utilizes both early and late phase serine proteases (SPs) that are differentially regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. To uncover the regulatory complexity of SPs in the female mosquito midgut, we investigated involvement of miRNAs in regulating the juvenile hormone (JH)-controlled chymotrypsin-like SP, JHA15. We identified regulatory regions complementary to the mosquito-specific miRNA, miR-1890, within the 3 0 UTR of JHA15 mRNA. The level of the JHA15 transcript is highest post eclosion and drastically declines post blood meal (PBM), exhibiting an opposite trend to miR-1890 that peaks at 24 h PBM. Depletion of miR-1890 results in defects in blood digestion, ovary development and egg deposition. JHA15 mRNA and protein levels are elevated in female mosquitoes with miR-1890 inhibition. JHA15 RNA interference in the miR-1890 depletion background alleviates miR-1890 depletion phenotypes. The miR-1890 gene is activated by the 20-hydroxyecdysone pathway that involves the ecdysone receptor and the early genes, E74B and Broad Z2. Our study suggests that miR-1890 controls JHA15 mRNA stability in a stage-and tissue-specific manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito-specific microRNA-1890 targets the juvenile hormone-regulated serine protease JHA15 in the female mosquito gut

et al. 2015

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“…Interestingly, miRNAs closely related (one nucleotide difference) to our #13120 (Bta_miR305-pGtoU) and #18833 (Bta_miR1175-3p+A) were also found in the saliva of A. aegypti , particularly after sucrose feeding (Maharaj et al, 2015). Whether saliva secreted miRNAs are conserved among fluid-feeding insects remains to be seen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…To our knowledge, miRNAs have so far only been identified in the saliva of mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ; Maharaj et al, 2015). Interestingly, miRNAs closely related (one nucleotide difference) to our #13120 (Bta_miR305-pGtoU) and #18833 (Bta_miR1175-3p+A) were also found in the saliva of A. aegypti , particularly after sucrose feeding (Maharaj et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNAs from Bemisia tabaci Are Transferred to Solanum lycopersicum Phloem during Feeding

et al. 2016

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The phloem-feeding whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest to a broad range of host plants, including many economically important crops such as tomato. These insects serve as a vector for various devastating plant viruses. It is known that whiteflies are capable of manipulating host-defense responses, potentially mediated by effector molecules in the whitefly saliva. We hypothesized that, beside putative effector proteins, small RNAs (sRNA) are delivered by B. tabaci into the phloem, where they may play a role in manipulating host plant defenses. There is already evidence to suggest that sRNAs can mediate the host-pathogen dialogue. It has been shown that Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold disease, takes advantage of the plant sRNA machinery to selectively silence host genes involved in defense signaling. Here we identified sRNAs originating from B. tabaci in the phloem of tomato plants on which they are feeding. sRNAs were isolated and sequenced from tomato phloem of whitefly-infested and control plants as well as from the nymphs themselves, control leaflets, and from the infested leaflets. Using stem-loop RT-PCR, three whitefly sRNAs have been verified to be present in whitefly-infested leaflets that were also present in the whitefly-infested phloem sample. Our results show that whitefly sRNAs are indeed present in tomato tissues upon feeding, and they appear to be mobile in the phloem. Their role in the host-insect interaction can now be investigated.

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“…According to the NGS data sets, miR-184-3p and miR-6497 were the most up- and down-regulated miRNAs, respectively, in symptomatic flies. MiR-184-3p has been reported to play a role during virus infections in mosquitoes ( Maharaj et al, 2015 ) where it was up-regulated in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes infected with the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) ( Liu et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profile of Glossina pallidipes MicroRNAs During Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infection With Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (Hytrosavirus)

et al. 2018

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The Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) infects tsetse flies predominantly asymptomatically and occasionally symptomatically. Symptomatic infections are characterized by overt salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) in mass reared tsetse flies, which causes reproductive dysfunctions and colony collapse, thus hindering tsetse control via sterile insect technique (SIT). Asymptomatic infections have no apparent cost to the fly’s fitness. Here, small RNAs were sequenced and profiles in asymptomatically and symptomatically infected G. pallidipes flies determined. Thirty-eight host-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) were present in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic fly profiles, while nine host miRNAs were expressed specifically in asymptomatic flies versus 10 in symptomatic flies. Of the shared 38 miRNAs, 15 were differentially expressed when comparing asymptomatic with symptomatic flies. The most up-regulated host miRNAs in symptomatic flies was predicted to target immune-related mRNAs of the host. Six GpSGHV-encoded miRNAs were identified, of which five of them were only in symptomatic flies. These virus-encoded miRNAs may not only target host immune genes but may also participate in viral immune evasion. This evidence of differential host miRNA profile in Glossina in symptomatic flies advances our understanding of the GpSGHV-Glossina interactions and provides potential new avenues, for instance by utilization of particular miRNA inhibitors or mimics to better manage GpSGHV infections in tsetse mass-rearing facilities, a prerequisite for successful SIT implementation.

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Discovery of Mosquito Saliva MicroRNAs during CHIKV Infection

Cited by 56 publications

References 59 publications

Mosquito-specific microRNA-1890 targets the juvenile hormone-regulated serine protease JHA15 in the female mosquito gut

Mosquito-specific microRNA-1890 targets the juvenile hormone-regulated serine protease JHA15 in the female mosquito gut

Small RNAs from Bemisia tabaci Are Transferred to Solanum lycopersicum Phloem during Feeding

Expression Profile of Glossina pallidipes MicroRNAs During Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infection With Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (Hytrosavirus)

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