Discovery of a honeycomb structure in the twisted plywood patterns of fibrous biological nanocomposite tissue

Raabe, Dierk; Romano, Patricia Silvia; Sachs, C.; Al-Sawalmih, A.; Brokmeier, Heinz Günter; Yi, Sangbong; Servos, G.; Hartwig, H. G.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.05.077

Cited by 93 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The mechanical properties of crustacean exoskeletons (mud crab, Scylla serrata and the prawn, Penaeus mondon) were first investigated by Hepburn and Joffe [231,232], followed by Raabe and coworkers (American lobster, Homarus americanus) [233][234][235][236][237][238][239] and Chen et al [230] (sheep crab, Loxorhynchun grandis and Dungeness crab, Cancer magister). The tensile stress-strain curves for various exoskeletons are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Arthropod Exoskeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties

Meyers

Chen

Lin

et al. 2008

Progress in Materials Science

2,131

1,129

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Most natural (or biological) materials are complex composites whose mechanical properties are often outstanding, considering the weak constituents from which they are assembled. These complex structures, which have risen from hundreds of million years of evolution, are inspiring Materials Scientists in the design of novel materials.Their defining characteristics, hierarchy, multifunctionality, and self-healing capability, are illustrated. Self-organization is also a fundamental feature of many biological materials and the manner by which the structures are assembled from the molecular level up. The basic building blocks are described, starting with the 20 amino acids and proceeding to polypeptides, polysaccharides, and polypeptides-saccharides. These, on their turn, compose the basic proteins, which are the primary constituents of 'soft tissues' and are also present in most biominerals. There are over 1000 proteins, and we describe only the principal ones, with emphasis on collagen, chitin, keratin, and elastin. The 'hard' phases are primarily strengthened by minerals, which nucleate and grow in a biomediated environment that determines the size, shape and distribution of individual crystals. The most important mineral phases are discussed: hydroxyapatite, silica, and aragonite.Using the classification of Wegst and Ashby, the principal mechanical characteristics and structures of biological ceramics, polymer composites, elastomers, and cellular materials are presented. Selected systems in each class are described with emphasis on the relationship between their structure and mechanical response. A fifth class is added to this: functional biological materials, which have a structure developed for a specific function: adhesion, optical properties, etc.An outgrowth of this effort is the search for bioinspired materials and structures. Traditional approaches focus on design methodologies of biological materials using conventional synthetic 0079-6425/$ -see front matter Ó

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Section: Arthropod Exoskeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raabe and co-workers extensively studied the structure and mechanical properties of the exoskeleton of American lobster, Homarus americanus [233][234][235][236][237][238][239]. They observed the unique honeycomb-type arrangement of the chitin-protein fibers surrounding pore canals, as shown in the Fig.…”

Section: Arthropod Exoskeletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties

Meyers

Chen

Lin

et al. 2008

Progress in Materials Science

2,131

1,129

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“…Helicoidal structure, also termed ''Bouligand structure'' after its discovery by Bouligan [17] is one of the unique and prevailing pat terns observed in exoskeletons in a large number of species of the arthropod phylum [3,7,11,12,[20][21][22][23], including crustaceans (e.g., C. sapidus and C. sapidus) and insects (e.g., P. japonica) [1,2]. The struc ture is characterized by the parallel chitin-protein layers stacking successively on each other, with each uni-directional layer rotating by a small angle about its normal direction relative to the adjacent layer, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Helicoidal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behavior of bio-inspired laminated composites

Cheng

Adam

Glancey

et al. 2011

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

138

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“…Ventral and dorsal hardness and thickness were highly correlated with each other. n the exocuticle, the a-chitin-protein stacks are arranged in much finer layers, and are thus denser than the endocuticle (Raabe et al 2005), so that the exocuticle is harder than the endocuticle (Raabe et al 2006). it is possible that the diamond in the microhardness tester penetrated the endocuticle in thinner shells, thereby producing a lower hardness measurement in them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long‐term assessment of the physiological effects of herring (Clupea harengus) as a dietary component of the American lobster (Homarus americanus)

Myers

Tlusty²

2009

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Given the economic and ecological importance of American lobster (Homarus americanus) to the western North Atlantic, particular attention has been on factors that may increase susceptibility to disease. However, little focus has been on the possible role of dietary stress. There is strong evidence that wild lobsters feed on bait in traps, typically herring (Clupea harengus), yet evade capture. If the bait is nutritionally insufficient for lobsters, then the pervasive use of bait (up to 3 kg for each kg of lobster harvested) may compromise the health of lobsters, thus making them more susceptible to diseases. It has been shown previously that lobsters fed a diet solely of herring had higher incidences of shell disease and were less likely to survive than lobsters fed other diets. Here, physiological status including haemolymph protein, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium, hepatopancreas moisture and ash content, and the mineral constituents, thickness and hardness of the cuticle of lobsters fed 100% herring was compared to that of lobsters fed a diet consisting of rock crab (Cancer irroratus), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Spirulina algae. An artificial diet, as well as paired combinations of the three diets were also included for comparison. Juvenile lobsters (approximately 1.25 years of age) were fed one of these six diets for c. 330 days. Diet most affected the cuticle minerals, and lobsters with increased incidence of shell disease had a lower Ca/P ratio. correlated to the previously observed disease and survival results, all physiological parameters tended to change with diet, and those lobsters fed herring overall increased haemolymph and cuticle mineral values and had lower shell physiological values than lobsters fed the other diets. These results suggest that rather than affecting lobsters via a single mechanism, nutritional stress is likely to impact a number of physiological variables, and thus make it difficult to assess health status through a single parameter.

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Discovery of a honeycomb structure in the twisted plywood patterns of fibrous biological nanocomposite tissue

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties

Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties

Mechanical behavior of bio-inspired laminated composites

A long‐term assessment of the physiological effects of herring (Clupea harengus) as a dietary component of the American lobster (Homarus americanus)

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