Directional strength and stiffness characteristics of inherently anisotropic sand: The influence of deposition inclination

Evolution of Dynamic Properties of Cross-Anisotropic Sand Subjected to Stress Anisotropy

“…For the bender element tests, in order to measure the small-strain shear modulus at different angles of bedding plane, undisturbed specimens were obtained from the frozen sand according to Zamanian et al (2020). In this method, the water-pluviated sand specimens were constructed in a cubic chamber placed in a refrigerator on an adjustable pedestal.…”

“…A and n values from these equations were obtained to be 52 and 0.49 for Babolsar sand and 43 and 0.52 for Toyoura sand, respectively, which are in good agreement with those estimated from the regression analysis in the present study. Small-strain shear modulus for different angles of bedding plane has been measured by Zamanian et al (2020) for Babolsar sand. In that study the specimens were prepared by the freezing technique at different deposition inclinations (α) and a linear relationship for the prediction of Gmax was proposed (Eq.…”

“…(8). Payan and Jamshidi Chenari 2019; Zamanian et al 2020). However, the amplitude factor (A) is linearly related to the bedding plane direction (Zamanian et al 2020).…”

“…Payan and Jamshidi Chenari 2019; Zamanian et al 2020). However, the amplitude factor (A) is linearly related to the bedding plane direction (Zamanian et al 2020). This is primarily attributed to the role of particle interlocking which commonly occurs during the deposition process of sand grains.…”

“…The soil behavior in medium-to-large strain levels has been well determined to be heavily influenced by the coupling effect of inherent and induced anisotropy (Kuhn et al, 2015;Pietruszczak and Oboudi, 2017;Jafarian et al, 2018;Jafarzadeh and Zamanian, 2018;Zamanian et al, 2020). One of the most important aspects of stress anisotropy is the variation in both magnitude and direction of principal stresses.…”