Directed forgetting, event-related potentials and nicotine

Abstract

Fifteen male users of oral snu€ performed a directed forgetting task after overnight abstinence and after administration of oral snu€. Directed forgetting tasks use cues to classify items for di€erential reporting at test, emphasizing the need for strategic encoding. Recognition was better after nicotine administration, but we found no evidence for greater strategic control, as hypothetically re¯ected in successful compliance with the directed forgetting instruction. Reaction time decreased after nicotine administration. Performance among 15 controls was una€ected over two sessions.

Effects of nicotine and smoking on event‐related potentials: A review

“…Knott et al (1995 [experiment 4]) tested schizophrenic subjects using an oddball task and also reported that smoking/nicotine shortened RT without affecting P300 amplitude. Lindgren, Stenberg, and Rosen (1999b) used a memory task having separate encoding and recognition portions. Dipping snuff (vs. no dipping) shortened RT for the recognition portion without affecting P300 amplitude.…”

“…Ilan and Polich (1999) reported that, for a Sternberg-type STM-scanning task, smoking/nicotine did not affect either P300 amplitude or RT. In the Lindgren et al (1999b) study discussed earlier, dipping snuff did not affect either performance or P300 amplitude for the encoding portion of the memory task.…”

Changes of Brain Potentials in Response to Smoking-Induced Stimuli in Smokers

“…P300 amplitude generally increases and latency decreases immediately after smoking, 8-10 and the amount smoked, or the nicotine level, can affect P300 measures. 11,12 Haarer and Polich 13 used a visual task to compare normal young adults who smoked daily with individuals who smoked infrequently, and found a smaller P300 target amplitude for the regular, compared to occasional, smokers before and after tobacco smoking. In the present study, the P300 amplitude for smokers may have been affected by unconditioned deprivation time.…”

Neuropsychology and neuropharmacology of P3a and P3b

“…Most ERP studies of tobacco smoking have focused on the acute rather than chronic effects of smoking. In general, P300 amplitude generally increases and latency decreases immediately after smoking (Houlihan et al, 1996(Houlihan et al, , 2002Knott et al, 1995a), although these effects appear relative to information processing task difficulty (Knott et al, 1995b;Pritchard and Robinson, 1998;Polich, 1999, 2001;Domino, 2003) and amount smoked as well as nicotine level (Kodama et al, 1996;Lindgren et al, 1999). The recent availability of de-nicotinized cigarettes should help to delineate this area, as previous studies typically employed non-smoking control subjects, "sham" smoking (pretending to inhale an unlit cigarette), or only pre-compared to post-smoking conditions in smokers.…”