Direct transformation of cellulose fibres into self-reinforced composites by partial oxypropylation

Self-reinforced composites obtained by the partial oxypropylation of cellulose fibers. 2. Effect of catalyst on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties

“…Apart from the expected absence of a Tg feature for the pristine filter paper, all the other samples gave values comprised between -55 and -45°C, compared with the Tg of the isolated PPO which was about -60°C. This behavior was already observed with different polysaccharides grafted with PPO chains (Schoenenberger et al 1995;VelazquezMorales et al 1998;Gandini et al 2005;de Menezes et al 2007de Menezes et al , 2008 and has been interpreted as reflecting the glass transition of the appended polyether chains (i.e., somewhat less mobile than free ones), without any substantial contribution from the polysaccharide trunk macromolecules.…”

“…A different and perhaps more original strategy to exploit these fibers has consisted in preparing composite materials entirely derived from them, whether through mixtures of cellulose fibers within a cellulose matrix Keckes 2005, 2007;Nishino et al 2004;Nishino and Arimoto 2007;Pommet et al 2008;Qin et al 2008;Soykeabkaew et al 2008), or through the generation of a thermoplastic cellulose shell which can be turned into a matrix by hot pressing, while the pristine inner core of the fibers is retained to function as the reinforcing element Lu et al 2003Lu et al , 2004aZhang et al 2005;Gandini et al 2005;Freire et al 2006Freire et al , 2008de Menezes et al 2007).…”

Review: current international research into cellulose nanofibres and nanocomposites

“…The concept of all-cellulose composites has been explored for a wide range of cellulose materials including wood pulp fibres [250,251], filter and Kraft paper [252][253][254][255], MCC [256][257][258][259][260], sisal [261,262], ramie [263], regenerated cellulose (Lyocell) and cellulose fibres spun from an anisotropic phosphoric acid solution (Bocell) [264], and BC [265]. These studies showed great promise.…”

Partial periodate oxidation and thermal cross-linking for the processing of thermoset all-cellulose composites

“…In the first processing strategy there is a partial or total dissolution of cellulose followed solvent removal, cellulose regeneration of the dissolved part and drying [8,10e13]. The second route relies on cellulose derivatization: a thermoplastic cellulose matrix is simply formed by benzylation [14,15], oxypropylation [16,17] or esterification [18,19]. The etherified or esterified amorphous cellulose derivatives are then hot-pressed with unmodified cellulose to form the ACCs.…”