Direct Printing of 1-D and 2-D Electronically Conductive Structures by Molten Lead-Free Solder

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effects of appropriate experimental parameters on the thermophysical properties of molten micro droplets, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder balls with an average droplet diameter of 50 μm were prepared. The inkjet printing parameters of the molten micro droplets, such as the dot spacing, stage velocity and sample temperature, were optimized in the 1D and 2D printing of metallic microstructures. The impact and mergence of molten micro droplets were observed with a high-speed digital camera. The line width of each sample was then calculated using a formula over a temperature range of 30 to 70 °C. The results showed that a metallic line with a width of 55 μm can be successfully printed with dot spacing (50 μm) and the stage velocity (50 mm∙s−1) at the substrate temperature of 30 °C. The experimental results revealed that the height (from 0.63 to 0.58) and solidification contact angle (from 72° to 56°) of the metallic micro droplets decreased as the temperature of the sample increased from 30 to 70 °C. High-speed digital camera (HSDC) observations showed that the quality of the 3D micro patterns improved significantly when the droplets were deposited at 70 °C.

Study of TiO2, SnO2 and nanocomposites TiO2:SnO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method: Successful elaboration of variable–refractive index systems

“…Ferreira et al [14] attributed the vibrational hump localized at 130 cm −1 to non degenerated B 1g mode of SnO 2 which is assigned to rotation of the oxygen atoms at tetragonal unit cell of rutile. Besides, we also observed other Raman peaks of 250 and 302 cm −1 which can be assigned to optical phonon modes of SnO 2 (Eu (LO) and Eu (TO)) [14,15]. The peak localized at 558 cm −1 is assigned to SnO surface vibrations as suggested by Yang et al [16].…”

Discovering the colours of industrial heritage characterisation of paint coatings from the powerplant at the Levada de Tomar

“…This phenomenon is due to the substrate corrosion, accelerated by the presence of scratches and cracks, allowing the diffusion of water and ions from the corrosive atmospheric environment to the interface between the coating and the metal substrate. [ 30 ]…”

Assessment of Mechanical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Ti-Nb-Zr Alloy for Medical Applications

“…Electrochemical measurements were executed on specimens with the working area of 0.75 cm 2 , in a Ringer's solution (8.6 g/dm 3 NaCl, 0.3 g/dm 3 KCl, 0.243 g/dm 3 CaCl 2 ), at room temperature (25 • C), using an Atlas Sollich 1131 electrochemical potentiostat (Atlas Sollich, Rębiechowo, Poland). The working electrode was grinded with SiC #2000 abrasive paper before each experiment.…”

“…The biggest group of materials used for orthopaedic implants are metals: commercially pure titanium, alloys based on titanium or cobalt-chromium, and stainless steel [1]. In long-term research and practice, titanium and its alloys have proven to adapt well to a bone, especially titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, thus becoming the most common in implants [2][3][4]. Although very popular, these so-called first-generation alloys are not ideal and bring unwanted effects during the post-implantation period.…”