Direct photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting using nanostructures of hydrate organic small molecule as photocatalysts

Abstract

Direct photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of an organic small-molecule nanostructure was achieved by constructing a heterostructure of hydrate rubrene/ZnP nanosheets.

Immobilization of Molecular Catalysts for Enhanced Redox Catalysis

“…[151] Acr + -Mes, QuPh + -NA and porphyrins were reported to act as efficient organic photocatalysts for H 2 evolution with dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by use of metal nanoparticles as catalysts. [152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159] However,n oH 2 evolution occurred under visible light illumination (l > 340 nm) of a phthalate buffer dispersion containing QuPh + -NA@sAlMCM-41 as ap hotocatalyst, sodiumo xalatea sa ne lectrond onor and PtNPs as an H 2 -evolution catalyst (Figure 15 a&). [151] When K 2 PtCl 6 (0.050 mm)w as added to the reaction solution insteado fP tNPs as ap recursor of H 2 -evolution catalyst, H 2 was evolved continuouslya sshown in Figure 15 a( *).…”

Novel Supramolecular Photocatalyst Based on Conjugation of Cucurbit[7]uril to Non‐Metallated Porphyrin for Electrophotocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water Splitting

“…Although TPP‐4CB7 by its own acts as a visible light triggered photocatalyst, its photocatalytic activity has enhanced significantly upon forming nanocomposite with TiO 2 as carbonyl portals of CB7 s act as anchoring groups and co‐ordinate with TiO 2 to give rise homogenous mixture. The resulting nanocomposite, TPP‐CB‐TiO 2 @Pt , is very efficient and stable photocatalyst and produces high amount of hydrogen (24.5 mmol h −1 g −1 , onset potential −10 mV, TOF of 0.202 s −1 ) without the necessity of extra sacrificial agent in alkaline media when compared to the similar photocatalysts reported in the literature as porphyrin organic polymer (5.602 mmol h −1 g −1 ), porphyrin‐based imine gel (0.095 mmol h −1 g −1 ), g‐C 3 N 4 /m‐oxo dimeric Fe(III) porphyrin (0.0592 mmol), Zn‐porphyrin nanosheets (0.16 mmol g −1 h −1 ) and benzobis(benzothiophene sulfone)‐COF (16.3 mmol h −1 g −1 ) …”

The role of dissolution in the synthesis of high-activity organic nanocatalysts in a wet chemical reaction

“…To further verify and understand the dissolution process in which the low-energy facets disappear and high-energy facets appear in our experiments, PEG-400 was chosen as a weak capping agent to limit the growth of the ZnP NCs along the direction of [020] through the formation of hydrogen bonds between the terminal hydroxyl (-OH) of PEG-400 and the coordinated water of ZnP, analogous to a reported method. 24,26 Similarly, 1.0 mL of 1.0 mM ZnP precursor solution in acetonitrile was rapidly injected into 5.0 mL of 10.0 mM PEG-400 aqueous solution under ambient conditions. Aer the system was stirred by ultrasonic treatment for 1 min, samples were obtained at the different reaction times by repeated centrifugation and water washing.…”

“…However, it is well known that the dosage of guest materials usually has an optimal value because they can cover the active sites of the host catalyst. 23,24 Therefore, it is also very important to explore simple methods for the facile preparation of high-activity heterojunction nanostructures with controllable component ratios.…”

“…Subsequently, it was also proved that the ZnP NCs with more high-energy facets can be easily modied by rubrene with a controllable component ratio through a simple reprecipitation method. 24 Compared with regular octahedrons and nanosheets with more active {020} facets, the rough ZnP NCs and the heterostructures of ZnP/rubrene exhibited remarkable PHE activity, especially in the well-dened photocatalytic system including methylviologen (MV 2+ ) and colloidal platinum (PVP-Pt) as well as triethanolamine (TEOA).…”