Direct observation of the violation of Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation

Shayegan, Komron; Biswas, Souvik; Zhao, Bo; Fan, Shanhui; Atwater, Harry A.

doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01261-6

Cited by 38 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These FoMs allow us to compare the potential for pseudounidirectional transport in Fizeau drag-biased 3D WSM/DSMs to that of magneto-optic materials and TRS-breaking WSMs. In terms of practicality, the magneto-optic case in Figure c,d requires a modest applied magnetic field of B = 0.2T, and a nonreciprocal absorber/emitter was recently demonstrated with the magneto-optic InAs under the external magnetic field of 1T . In contrast, the first TRS-breaking WSM was only experimentally demonstrated recently and, to date, the prediction of nonreciprocal optical behavior in these materials is in the early stages of experimental demonstration. , The experimental demonstration of Fizeau drag in 3D WSM/DSM will not require an externally applied magnetic field or corresponding equipment and will also draw on a wider selection of I-symmetry-breaking DSM and WSM material candidates that may be less vulnerable to the synthesis challenges involved with working with TRS-breaking WSM materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon Fizeau Drag in 3D Dirac and Weyl Semimetals

Blevins,

Boriskina

2024

ACS Photonics

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There is a need for compact, dynamically tunable, nonreciprocal optical elements to enable on-chip-compatible optical isolators and more efficient radiative energy transfer systems. Plasmon Fizeau drag, the drag of an electrical current on propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), has been proposed to induce nonreciprocal surface modes to enable one-way energy transport. However, relativistic electron drift velocities are required to induce an appreciable contrast between the dispersion characteristics of copropagating and counter-propagating surface plasmon modes. The high electron drift velocity of graphene previously allowed for the experimental demonstration of current-induced nonreciprocity in a two-dimensional (2D) Dirac material. The high electron drift and Fermi velocities in three-dimensional (3D) Dirac materials make them ideal candidates for the effect; however, both the theory of the Fizeau drag effect and its experimental demonstrations in 3D Dirac materials are missing. Here, we develop a comprehensive theory of Fizeau drag in DC-biased 3D Weyl semimetals (WSMs) or Dirac semimetals (DSMs), both under local and nonlocal approximation and with dissipative losses. We predict that under practical assumptions for loss, Fizeau drag in the DSM Cd3As2 opens windows of pseudounidirectional transport. We additionally introduce new figures of merit to rank nonreciprocal plasmonic systems by their potential for directional SPP transport. Further, we propose a new approach for achieving appreciable plasmonic Fizeau drag via optically pumping bulk inversion symmetry-breaking WSMs or DSMs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon Fizeau Drag in 3D Dirac and Weyl Semimetals

Blevins,

Boriskina

2024

ACS Photonics

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“…Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is still possible to greatly violate the detailed balance and, hence, overcome Kirchhoff’s radiation law in macroscopic emitters in the far-field regime by means of nonreciprocal materials. ,, Such a breakdown of reciprocity has been theoretically investigated in various systems, including semitransparent structures, magneto-optical materials, spatiotemporally modulated media, , magnetic Weyl semimetals, or gyrotropic materials . Recently, this violation of Kirchhoff’s law has also been experimentally observed in a system based on a guided-mode resonance coupled to a magneto-optic material . Finally, it is worth highlighting two relatively recent works that, roughly speaking, generalize the treatment and extend the scope of validity of Kirchhoff’s radiation law to both nonreciprocal and nonequilibrium systems …”

Section: General Aspects Of Thermal Emission Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs in Thermal Emission Engineering

Vázquez-Lozano,

Liberal

2024

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater.

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The emission of thermal radiation is a physical process of fundamental and technological interest. From different approaches, thermal radiation can be regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, as a fundamental quantum phenomenon of photon production, or as the propagation of electromagnetic waves. However, unlike light emanating from conventional photonic sources, such as lasers or antennas, thermal radiation is characterized for being broadband, omnidirectional, and unpolarized. Due to these features, ultimately tied to its inherently incoherent nature, taming thermal radiation constitutes a challenging issue. Latest advances in the field of nanophotonics have led to a whole set of artificial platforms, ranging from spatially structured materials and, much more recently, to time-modulated media, offering promising avenues for enhancing the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves, from far-to near-field regimes. Given the ongoing parallelism between the fields of nanophotonics and thermal emission, these recent developments have been harnessed to deal with radiative thermal processes, thereby forming the current basis of thermal emission engineering. In this review, we survey some of the main breakthroughs carried out in this burgeoning research field, from fundamental aspects to theoretical limits, the emergence of effects and phenomena, practical applications, challenges, and future prospects.

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“…processes, which should be violated to improve the performance of Nonreciprocal light propagation (NLP) [11][12][13][14][15]. Manipulation of nonreciprocity in pattern-free heterostructures is highly demanded in energy harvesting devices, since they not only can drastically reduce energy loss to unwanted channels [16,17], but also overcome the disadvantages of difficult preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-angle and Fano-shape contrast between emission and absorption in hybrid polariton-involved planar structure

Qian,

Xu,

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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Nonreciprocal light propagation (NLP) in planar structure has become a hot topic because of the pattern-free fabrication process and the potentials for exploring heat transfer and energy management. An effective strategy incorporated with natural van der Waals (vdW) material (α-phase molybdenum trioxide, α-MoO3}), ultra-thin polar crystal (slicon carbide, SiC) thin film and a Weyl semimetal (WSM) interlayer sitting on a metal (silver, Ag) substrate is proposed. The emission and absorption of the suggested device is explored with electromagnetic (EM) simulations that utilizethe 4×4 transfer matrix method (TMM). Angular-resolved emission shows that the Fano-shape of nonreciprocity can be maintained within wide angle range. Tunable Fano resonances (FRs) with different line shapes are demonstrated by varying the structural parameters. Moreover, the enhanced nonreciprocal radiation effect can be observed for both s- and p-polarized incidence waves. The proposal allows simultaneous control of spectral distribution and polarization of radiation, which will facilitate the active design and aplication of mid-infrared (MIR) emitters.Angular-resolved emission shows that the Fano-shape of nonreciprocity can be maintained within wide angle range. Tunable Fano resonances (FRs) with different line shapes are demonstrated by varying the structural parameters. Moreover, the enhanced nonreciprocal radiation effect can be observed for both s- and p-polarized incidence waves. The proposal allows simultaneous control of spectral distribution and polarization of radiation, which will facilitate the active design and aplication of mid-infrared (MIR) emitters.

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Direct observation of the violation of Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Plasmon Fizeau Drag in 3D Dirac and Weyl Semimetals

Plasmon Fizeau Drag in 3D Dirac and Weyl Semimetals

Review on the Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs in Thermal Emission Engineering

Wide-angle and Fano-shape contrast between emission and absorption in hybrid polariton-involved planar structure

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