Direct Observation of Alkali Vapor Release during Biomass Combustion and Gasification. 1. Application of Molecular Beam/Mass Spectrometry to Switchgrass Combustion

Dayton, David C.; French, Richard J.; Milne, Thomas A.

doi:10.1021/ef00053a018

Cited by 202 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Combustion of biomass like switchgrass is problematic because of the presence of alkali metals that react to form sulfates, chlorides, silicate, and hydroxides that contribute to slag formation and fouling of combustion systems (Dayton et al, 1995). Leaching of switchgrass with water was proposed by Dayton et al (1999) to remove alkali metals and chlorine prior to combustion.…”

Section: Thermal Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchgrass for bioethanol and other value-added applications: A review

Keshwani

2009

Bioresource Technology

369

195

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Section: Thermal Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchgrass for bioethanol and other value-added applications: A review

Keshwani

2009

Bioresource Technology

369

195

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“…Dayton et al (1995) measured the evolution of emission of components during combustion of switchgrass. From these results kinetic data was derived to predict emission formation by the Discrete Particle Method (DPM).…”

Section: Inorganically Bound Sulphurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission of sulphur dioxide at different ambient conditions during the combustion of switchgrass was investigated and reported by Dayton et al (1995). They combusted ~40 mg of ground switchgrass placed in a boat in an electric clamshell furnace preheated up to ~1100ºC.…”

Section: Analysis Of Sulphur Dioxide Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This yielded a complete mass spectrum of the combustion gas every 1.0 -1.5 s. For a detailed description of the experimental set-up the reader is referred to the article of Dayton et al (1995). The ion intensity measured by the molecular beam/mass spectrometry was converted into a concentration profile for sulphur dioxide.…”

Section: Analysis Of Sulphur Dioxide Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study indicated the effectiveness of total emission reduction by co-firing of coal and biomass, whereas SO 2 -emission reduction was significant only in small plants, which did not apply any fuel desulphurisation. The combustion of biomass results in a significant formation of acidic pollutants, high mass loading of aerosols in the flue gas and agglomeration of these aerosols on heat-transfer surfaces (Aho and Silvennoinen, 2004;Dayton et al, 1995;Ściążko et al, 2007;Knudsen et al, 2004a;Lang et al, 2006;Michelsen et al, 1998;Misra et al, 1993;Ściążko et al, 2007;Van Lith et al, 2006;Wiinikka et al, 2007). Among these pollutants are sulphur components that contribute significantly to the above-mentioned risks (Knudsen et al, 2004b;Knudsen et al, 2005;Lang et al, 2006;Wiinikka et al, 2007) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Numerical Approach to Predict Sulphur Dioxide Emissions During Switchgrass Combustion

Peters¹,

Smuła-Ostaszewska²

2013

Chemical and Process Engineering

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The demand for a net reduction of carbon dioxide and restrictions on energy efficiency make thermal conversion of biomass a very attractive alternative for energy production. However, sulphur dioxide emissions are of major environmental concern and may lead to an increased corrosion rate of boilers in the absence of sulfatation reactions. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the kinetics of formation of sulphur dioxide during switchgrass combustion. Experimental data that records the combustion process and the emission formation versus time, carried out by the National Renewable Energy Institute in Colorado (US), was used to evaluate the kinetic data. The combustion of switchgrass is described sufficiently accurate by the Discrete Particle Method (DPM). It predicts all major processes such as heating-up, pyrolysis, combustion of switchgrass by solving the differential conservation equations for mass and energy. The formation reactions of sulphur dioxide are approximated by an Arrhenius-like expression including a pre-exponential factor and an activation energy. Thus, the results predicted by the Discrete Particle Method were compared to measurements and the kinetic parameters were subsequently corrected by the least square method until the deviation between measurements and predictions was minimised. The determined kinetic data yielded good agreement between experimental data and predictions.

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