“…There has also been extensive previous work concerned with the use of empirical data for parameter identification in prespecified material models, or for automating the calibration of the models. For instance, the Errorin-Constitutive-Equations (ECE) method is an inverse method for the identification of material parameters such as the Youngs modulus of an elastic material [17,11,16,12,25,39,8,28,24,26]. While such approaches are efficient and reliable for their intended application, namely, the identification of material parameters, they differ from Data Driven Computing, as understood here, in that, while material identification schemes aim to determine the parameters of a prespecified material law from experimental data, Data Driven Computing dispenses with material models altogether and uses fundamental material data directly in the formulation of initial-boundary-value problems and attendant calculations thereof.…”