2019
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0652-7
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Abstract: Angiosperms and their insect pollinators form a foundational symbiosis, evidence for which from the Cretaceous is mostly indirect, based on fossils of insect taxa that today are anthophilous, and of fossil insects and flowers that have apparent anthophilous and entomophilous specializations, respectively. We present exceptional direct evidence preserved in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, 100 mya, for feeding on pollen in the eudicot genus Tricolporoidites by a basal new aculeate wasp, Prosphex anthophilos, gen. … Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Angiospermous pollen grains and spores were apparently recovered from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, but neither precise reference nor illustrations are provided (Azar et al, 2010;Engel et al, 2011;Whalley in Poinar, 1992, p. 161). Several clusters of gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen grains were recovered from the Cenomanian Myanmar amber, always observed in association with various insects (Poinar, 2010;Cai et al, 2018;Grimaldi et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019;Hinkelman and Vr sanská, 2020). In Europe, Monsulcites grains were observed within late Albian amber from Spain (Peris et al, 2017).…”
Section: Pollen Grains Included In Amber (Fig 10)mentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Angiospermous pollen grains and spores were apparently recovered from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, but neither precise reference nor illustrations are provided (Azar et al, 2010;Engel et al, 2011;Whalley in Poinar, 1992, p. 161). Several clusters of gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen grains were recovered from the Cenomanian Myanmar amber, always observed in association with various insects (Poinar, 2010;Cai et al, 2018;Grimaldi et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019;Hinkelman and Vr sanská, 2020). In Europe, Monsulcites grains were observed within late Albian amber from Spain (Peris et al, 2017).…”
Section: Pollen Grains Included In Amber (Fig 10)mentioning
confidence: 97%
“…In this case, it would require adults of the protobee to first consume pollen and nectar (or other plant exudates) for its own energetic and nutritional needs. Despite the limited fossil record, there is direct evidence that aculeate wasps fed on angiosperm pollen for their own nutritional needs as early as the cretaceous (Grimaldi et al 2019). The next step in the evolution of pollen transport requires the protobee to regurgitate the consumed pollen and nectar back at the nest.…”
Section: Hypothesis: Crop Transport Is Ancestral and It Evolved From Ancestral Adult Pollen-feeding Behaviormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2012), and a 100‐million‐year‐old wasp feeding on eudicot pollen in Burmese amber (Grimaldi et al . 2019). Another amber fossil, a boganiid beetle, Cretoparacucujus cycadophilus , from mid‐Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, has been found associated with cycad pollen, but it does not bear pollen on the body (Cai et al .…”
Section: Evolution Of Pollination By Insectsmentioning
confidence: 99%