Direct Electrochemistry and Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Hemoglobin in a Sodium Montmorillonite Film

Third-Generation Biosensors Based on the Direct Electron Transfer of Proteins

“…84 Meanwhile, biosensors for H2O2 were also developed by depositing Hb in films of egg-phosphatidylcholine (PC), gluten, CS, kieselgubr clay and montmorillonite clay, etc. 60,61,[85][86][87][88][89] It is noticeable that Hb encapsulated in films not only acquires many new properties, but can also be protected from environmental variations, such as the low pH of external solutions 90 and H2O2 inactivation. 91 Hence, it will be a very promising way to fabricate novel H2O2 biosensors.…”

Glucose Sensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized by Zirconium Phosphate

“…The main issue concerning montmorillonite study is the electron transfer process of the redox protein incorporated into the montmorillonite-modified membrane (not into its interlayer gallery as yet). [8][9][10] The hemoglobin incorporated in such a montmorillonite-modified pyrolytic graphite electrode shows well-defined peak currents, 8 which are not observed at bare pyrolytic graphite electrodes immersed in a hemoglobin solution (e.g., 0.1 mM). 8,11,12 Furthermore, the hemoglobin sustains most of its native structure in montmorillonite film.…”

“…[8][9][10] The hemoglobin incorporated in such a montmorillonite-modified pyrolytic graphite electrode shows well-defined peak currents, 8 which are not observed at bare pyrolytic graphite electrodes immersed in a hemoglobin solution (e.g., 0.1 mM). 8,11,12 Furthermore, the hemoglobin sustains most of its native structure in montmorillonite film. 8 In spite of many studies that addressed direct electron transfer to and from proteins in montmorillonite, the U.S. patent by Shen et al 13 is the only report on the intercalation of enzymes into a montmorillonite to date.…”

“…8,11,12 Furthermore, the hemoglobin sustains most of its native structure in montmorillonite film. 8 In spite of many studies that addressed direct electron transfer to and from proteins in montmorillonite, the U.S. patent by Shen et al 13 is the only report on the intercalation of enzymes into a montmorillonite to date.…”

Enhanced Peroxidase Activity of Hemoglobin in a DNA Membrane and Its Application to an Unmediated Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor

“…[4][5][6] Others and we have found that many eT proteins are strongly membrane-associated, and a certain kind of organized molecular structure in the membrane is necessary for their efficient eT. [7][8][9][10][11] Although DNA is widely known as the preferred gene-storage medium, it also has a well characterized structure, which can be used as a useful material to create well defined structures on molecular level. 12 Therefore, the interaction between DNA and proteins has become one of the principal biological interactions, and heme protein-DNA complexes have attracted much recent interest.…”