Direct effects of non-antifungal agents used in cancer chemotherapy and organ transplantation on the development and virulence of<i>Candida</i>and<i>Aspergillus</i>species

Chen, Sharon C.‐A.; Lewis, Russell E.; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P.

doi:10.4161/viru.2.4.16764

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…In our previous study, the prevalence of C. albicans was lower (13.9%) [11]. Results from our studies and others indicate that fungal colonisation, particularly when caused by C. albicans, is more common in patients with lung cancer because of immunosuppressive cofactors [22]. Moreover, atypical mycobacteria were found in six immunosuppressed patients after corticotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Bronchial colonisation in patients with lung cancer: a prospective study

et al. 2012

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Bronchial colonisation is frequently reported in patients with lung cancer, and has a potential impact on therapeutic management and prognosis. We aimed to prospectively define the prevalence and nature of bronchial colonisation in patients at the time of diagnosing lung cancer.210 consecutive patients with lung cancer underwent a flexible bronchoscopy for lung cancer. The type and frequency of bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal colonisation were analysed and correlated with the patients' and tumours' characteristics.Potential pathogens were found in 48.1% of samples: mainly the Gram-negative bacilli Escherichia coli (8.1%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.3%) and Enterobacter spp. (2.4%); Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus spp. (12.9%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3.3%); atypical mycobacteria (2.9%); Candida albicans (42.9%); and Aspergillus fumigatus (6.2%). Aged patients (p50.02) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p50.008) were significantly more frequently colonised; however, tumour stage, atelectasis, bronchial stenosis and abnormalities of chest radiography were not associated with a higher rate of colonisation. Squamous cell carcinoma tended to be more frequently colonised than other histological subtypes. Airway colonisation was reported in almost half of patients presenting with lung cancer, mainly in fragile patients, and was significantly associated with worse survival (p50.005).Analysing colonisation status of patients at the time of diagnosis may help improve the management of lung cancer. @ERSpublications Characteristics and impact of bronchial colonisation in patients at the time of lung cancer diagnosis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Bronchial colonisation in patients with lung cancer: a prospective study

et al. 2012

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“…Although there are no studies on the antifungal activity of RAD against Cryptococcus spp., it is well known that this drug has antifungal activity against many fungal pathogens, such as Candida albicans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium avenaceum and Mucor flavus (Fujita et al, 1999;Nicola et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2011;Kang et al, 2014). These studies have shown that RAD inhibits fungal growth at concentrations ranging from 0.365 to 50 mg ml…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of heat-shock protein 90 enhances the susceptibility to antifungals and reduces the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex

et al. 2016

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Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are chaperones required for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in different fungal pathogens, playing an important role in the infectious process. This study investigated the effect of pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 by radicicol on the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex -agents of the most common life-threatening fungal infection amongst immunocompromised patients. The influence of Hsp90 inhibition was investigated regarding in vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of planktonic and sessile cells, ergosterol concentration, cell membrane integrity, growth at 37 8C, production of virulence factors in vitro, and experimental infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. Hsp90 inhibition inhibited the in vitro growth of planktonic cells of Cryptococcus spp. at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg ml 21 and increased the in vitro inhibitory effect of azoles, especially fluconazole (FLC) (P,0.05). Inhibition of Hsp90 also increased the antifungal activity of azoles against biofilm formation and mature biofilms of Cryptococcus spp., notably for Cryptococcus gattii. Furthermore, Hsp90 inhibition compromised the permeability of the cell membrane, and reduced planktonic growth at 37 8C and the capsular size of Cryptococcus spp. In addition, Hsp90 inhibition enhanced the antifungal activity of FLC during experimental infection using Caenorhabditis elegans. Therefore, our results indicate that Hsp90 inhibition can be an important strategy in the development of new antifungal drugs.

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“…The same result was suggested by Al-Abeid et al (2004). This may be explained by the fact that, some cytotoxic agents can lower the protease production in C. albicans as various anticancer agents, such as glucocorticoids, cytotoxic agents and calcineurin inhibitors have direct inhibitory effects on and/or have altered the biology of fungal cells and in some cases can also be used as a combined therapy with antifungal agents (Chen et al, 2011). Although the virulence of the C. albicans is lowered, the infection and colonization persists in cancer patients, this may be due to the immune-suppression effect of anticancer treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, antineoplastic agents may negatively affect morphogenesis, fungal growth, and virulence of Candida spp. as reported in in vitro studies (Chen et al, 2011). Hence, the present study aimed at the identification of different Candida spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and lower protease activity of Candida albicans species isolated from Egyptian cancer patients after exposure to cytotoxic and/or radiotherapy treatment

Khalaf¹,

Ahmed²,

El-Metnawy³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common disease among cancer patients receiving chemo or radiotherapy which precede systemic candidemia, a life threatening infection. This study investigated the diversity and prevalence of different Candida species among Egyptian cancer patients, evaluated the sensitivity of Candida albicans to the frequently administered antifungal therapies and the effect of different radio and chemotherapeutic agents on its virulence. A total of 119 Candida spp. isolates were identified out of 399 clinical samples, of which 72 isolates were C. albicans, 15 were Candida tropicalis, 22 were Candida krusei, and 10 were Candida glabrata. 98.6% of the C. albicans isolates were sensitive to fluconazole; on the other hand, only 8.3% out of the tested isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B. No significant differences were observed in the ability of biofilm formation among C. albicans isolates exposed to chemo, radio or both therapies when compared with standard C. albicans ATCC 60193. Surprisingly, the protease activities in isolates obtained from cancer patients were significantly lower than that of the reference strain after exposure to chemo, radio or both therapies. Thus, it is concluded that radio and chemotherapies may not be in some cases a predisposing factor for the virulence of C. albicans strains.

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Direct effects of non-antifungal agents used in cancer chemotherapy and organ transplantation on the development and virulence ofCandidaandAspergillusspecies

Cited by 36 publications

References 154 publications

Bronchial colonisation in patients with lung cancer: a prospective study

Bronchial colonisation in patients with lung cancer: a prospective study

Inhibition of heat-shock protein 90 enhances the susceptibility to antifungals and reduces the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex

Sensitivity and lower protease activity of Candida albicans species isolated from Egyptian cancer patients after exposure to cytotoxic and/or radiotherapy treatment

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