Direct determination of ultratraces of thallium in water by flow-injection—differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry

Łukaszewski, Zenon; Zembrzuski, Wlodzimierz; Piela, Anna

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(95)00436-x

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Sea waters usually contain 10-15 ng L -1 of thallium. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] There is a lack of data regarding other attempts to determine the content of thallium in homeopathic drugs, therefore it was not possible to compare the obtained results with other reports.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Tl(I) Ions in Homeopathic Drugs by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Zembrzuski¹,

Karbowska²

2017

IJPER

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Objectives: The present study is focused on the determination of thallium (I) ions in homeopathic drugs. Methods: The determination was carried out using the Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) technique coupled with the flow-injection measuring system (FIA-DPASV). Results: The thallium content was analyzed in two commercial homeopathic preparations (Thallium aceticum 5CH and 9CH), which include two different concentrations of thallium. It was established, that the mean concentration of thallium in the 5CH drug was at 6.67 ng L -1 in the administered daily dose, whereas in case of 9CH the value was at 2.1 ng L -1 of thallium. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that the application of the studied homeopathic drugs for medical purposes is not associated with any hazards in terms of possible toxicity due to thallium content.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Tl(I) Ions in Homeopathic Drugs by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Zembrzuski¹,

Karbowska²

2017

IJPER

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“…The originating fly ash contains two to 10 times higher concentrations of thallium compared to the state prior to combustion [26]. The ash may contaminate soil [27] and surface water [28], which may lead to indirect uptake by tobacco plants, resulting in increased thallium content. Additionally, the deposition of ash on the plant leaves allows for direct uptake of thallium into the plant tissues [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Thallium in a Commercial Tobacco Brand Available in Poland

Karbowska¹,

Zembrzuski²

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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It is estimated that approximately 10 million cigarettes are smoked every minute in the world and that the number of smokers is now about 1.3 billion people [1]. The health hazards associated with smoking tobacco are mainly caused by the presence of numerous chemical compounds. To date, more than 4,000 different chemicals (including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons) have been isolated from tobacco [2]. These substances also include heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium, which are mainly absorbed from the soil and accumulate in leaves. It is believed that the presence of heavy metals in cigarette smoke may be responsible for the loss of health in active and passive smokers. Moreover, exposure to heavy metals associated with smoking is often correlated with cancer incidence and mortality [3][4][5]. Studies show that metal concentrations are higher in pulmonary tissues of lung cancer cases than controls [6].Recent studies have confirmed that, aside from other heavy metals, tobacco may also contain thallium [7]. Thallium is considered to be severely toxic for humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms [8]. It is absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, spreads rapidly in the body, and accumulates in bones, kidneys, and throughout the central nervous system [9]. The toxic effect of thallium is caused by its similarity to the potassium (I) ion, which results in potassium-associated metabolic process disorders [10]. The toxicity of this element is higher compared to mercury, cadmium, and lead (maximum admissible concentration at 0.1 mg/ml) [8]. It is believed that the maximum dose of thallium should not exceed 15 micrograms, and the LD 50 for humans is 8-12 mgTl×kg -1 [11][12]. A high dose of thallium received over a short period of time may even lead to death. Diagnosis of thallium poisoning is very complicated, therefore its confirmation requires chemical analysis. The symptoms of thallium poisoning in the case of exceeding the maximum permissible doses are: vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and disturbance in the functioning of the nervous system, lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys.Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 25, No. 5 (2016) AbstractThis study focused on determining thallium content in tobacco samples collected from a commercial cigarette brand commonly available in Poland (manufactured by Philip Morris). The samples were analyzed with the use of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) coupled with a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. The obtained results confirmed that thallium was present in the studied tobacco samples (average content at 0.0089 ±0.0012µg/g). These findings suggest that cigarette smokers in Poland may be exposed to the toxic effects of thallium-based compounds present in tobacco.

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“…Unmodified [95,96] and modified IGE, shown in Table 2, are used in electrochemical inorganic analysis. IGE are modified by metals (Hg, Au, Cu, Tl, Jr) [97,[98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114], polymer films fixing the modifier and capable of the ion exchange [115], and Mo (IV) oxocomplexes [116,117]. The IGE surface has good adsorbability and, hence, is readily modified by reagents specific for determined ions [118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129].…”

Section: Impregnated Graphite Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals. Part II. Composite and microelectrodes

Stozhko

Малахова

Fyodorov

et al. 2007

J Solid State Electrochem

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The second part of the review, which covers modified carbon-containing electrodes, describes composite and microelectrodes. Electrodes made of commercial and laboratory carbon-containing composite materials are discussed. Impregnated and thick-film electrodes and microelectrodes made of carbon fibers form a separate group. Various modifiers and methods of electrode modification are presented. Prospects for the future development of solid-state modified electrodes are considered. [12][13][14][15][16]. In most cases, electrodes of these materials are modified by metal films (mercury, copper, and bismuth), molecularly imprinted TiO 2 [17]. The occurrence in the last decade of new types of carbon materials "from carbon nanotubes to edge plane pyrolytic graphite" [18,19] has significantly changed the scope and sensitivity of electroanalytical methods for the measurement of diverse targets from metals ions to biological markers. Investigators considered in detail electrochemical characteristics [20] and practical use [21] of the "edge" plane pyrolytic graphite, which proved to have a wider interval of working potentials and a low detection limit as compared to those of the basal pyrolytic graphite and GC. For example, in situ bismuth film modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode was successfully applied to the ultra trace simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) with detection limit 5.5·10 −10 and 4·10 −10 M, respectively [22].Synthetic diamonds (nitrogen-[23, 24] and boron-doped ) have come into use quite recently for electrochemical measurements. In particular, a gold-coated, borondoped, diamond thin-film electrode was used for total inorganic arsenic detection in real water samples [50]. Unlike properties of other carbon materials, which are widely used in electroanalysis, properties of synthetic diamonds became the subject of comprehensive study just about 10 years ago. The research was hindered by two circumstances: shortage of the material and the absence of conduction. The situation radically changed with the advent of highly efficient methods for growing of polycrystalline diamond compounds.A more efficient separation, accumulation, and determination of components is achieved with electrodes of composite materials made of graphite, carbon, glassy carbon, or diamond powders and binders such as paraffin, epoxy resins, methacrylate, silicon, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyester, and silica gel. The reviews [51][52][53][54] deal with properties and applications of various composite J Solid State Electrochem

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Direct determination of ultratraces of thallium in water by flow-injection—differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry

Cited by 56 publications

References 14 publications

Determination of Tl(I) Ions in Homeopathic Drugs by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Determination of Tl(I) Ions in Homeopathic Drugs by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Determining Thallium in a Commercial Tobacco Brand Available in Poland

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals. Part II. Composite and microelectrodes

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