Direct and non-direct transfer of phthalate esters from indoor sources to settled dust: Model analysis

Kang, Lingyi; Wu, Sijing; Liu, Ke; Wang, Xinke; Zhou, Xiaojun

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108012

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Compared with traditional numerical models, 32,33 the present fully analytical model (eq 9) explicitly establishes the relationship between the average dust-phase SVOC concentration and time, which is very convenient for impact factor analysis and key parameter determination via nonlinear curve fitting. In addition, the adsorption of SVOCs onto the chamber surface is incorporated, which could promote prediction accuracy.…”

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of them are significant improvements upon previous numerical models. 32,33 Determination of the Key Parameters via a Hybrid Optimization Method. Various methods have been proposed to measure the key parameters of VOCs and SVOCs from building materials and vehicle cabin materials by virtue of linear or nonlinear curve fitting.…”

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis in Section S1 of the Supporting Information (SI) demonstrates that, for SVOC transport through settled dust, the porous mass transfer model and the solid model can be regarded as equivalent, and they have equivalent key parameters as indicated in SI eqs S7 and S8. In addition, the following assumptions have been introduced: (1) the SVOC concentration in the dust immediately adjacent to the source material surface ( y d ) is assumed to be constant; ,,, (2) the initial dust-phase SVOC concentration is zero; (3) the inlet and initial SVOC concentration of the chamber are zero; (4) mass transfer is one-dimensional, vertical to the chamber or material surfaces; this assumption has been widely applied in previous studies for analyzing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and SVOCs from various materials and products; ,,− (5) the diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient are constant; (6) the chamber air is well mixed; and (7) partition equilibrium always exists at the dust–air and chamber–air interfaces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rauert and Harrad 31 found that the direct contact between SVOC sources and settled dust was the main mass transfer pathway for the different migration patterns of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from plastic television casing to indoor dust. Bi et al 32 and Kang et al 33 developed mass transfer models to describe the transport behaviors for direct contact between SVOC sources and settled dust and obtained numerical solutions. Those studies indicated that the dust loading, characteristics of the dust, and octanal− air partition coefficient could affect the SVOC concentration in the settled dust.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate determination of these key parameters is a prerequisite for predicting the SVOC concentrations in air and settled dust in different indoor settings. At present, most of these key parameters are obtained through correlations. , The uncertainty in the parameters will greatly influence the prediction of SVOC concentrations, which will accordingly influence the exposure assessment. It is now becoming a challenging problem on how to accurately and conveniently measure these key parameters for SVOCs in settled dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the Direct Transfer of SVOCs from Source to Settled Dust: Analytical Model and Key Parameter Determination

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Settled dust is an important medium for semivolatile organic compound (SVOC) transport indoors. Understanding the mechanism of interaction between SVOCs and settled dust can greatly improve the exposure assessment. This study develops an analytical model to elucidate the mechanism of direct contact between SVOC sources and settled dust. The model incorporates the adsorption of SVOCs onto indoor surfaces, which was ignored in previous numerical models. Based on this model, a hybrid optimization method is applied to determine the key parameters of SVOC transport, i.e., the diffusion coefficient in the dust, the dust–air partition coefficient, and the chamber surface–air partition coefficient. Experiments of direct contact between SVOC source materials containing organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and settled dust were conducted in chambers. The key parameters were determined by performing curve fitting using data collected from the OPFR chamber tests and from the literature on phthalates. The reliability and robustness of the model and measurement method are demonstrated by the high fitting accuracy and sensitivity analysis. The obtained key parameters are more accurate than those from correlations in prior studies. Further analysis indicates that dust–air partition coefficient plays an important role and the adsorption effect on surfaces cannot be neglected for SVOC transport.

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Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%