Diphenylarsinic acid poisoning from chemical weapons in Kamisu, Japan

Ishii, Kazuhiro; Tamaoka, Akira; Otsuka, Fujio; Iwasaki, Naoya; Shin, Kenji; Matsui, Akira; Endo, Ginji; Kumagai, Yoshito; Ishii, Tetsuro; Shoji, Shin’ichi; Ogata, Tsuyoshi; Ishizaki, Mutsuo; Doi, Mikio; Shimojo, Naoki

doi:10.1002/ana.20290

Cited by 115 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In 2002 in Japan, the inhabitants in the Kizaki area of Kamisu, Ibaraki Prefecture, exhibited symptoms of a disturbance of the central nervous system (Ishii et al 2004). In 2003, Ishizaki et al (2005) analyzed the well water and detected arsenic (As) levels up to 4.5 mg L -1 , 450 times the upper limit of Japan's drinking water quality standard (0.010 mg L -1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and mobility of aromatic arsenicals in Japanese agricultural soils

Maejima¹,

Murano²,

Iwafune³

et al. 2011

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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We investigated the adsorption and mobility of aromatic arsenicals (AAs) in two types of Japanese agricultural soils in batch and column leaching experiments. The amounts of AAs adsorbed onto a Fluvisol (a sandy loam) and an Andosol (a light clay) decreased in the order of phenylarsonic acid (PAA) > methylphenylarsinic acid (MPAA) > diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) > methyldiphenylarsine oxide (MDPAO) > dimethylphenylarsine oxide (DMPAO). The amounts of all AAs adsorbed onto the Andosol, which had more amorphous minerals and organic carbon, were higher than those adsorbed onto the Fluvisol. The adsorbability of AAs increased with both an increasing arsenate proportion and a decreasing hydrophobicity. This result suggests that the mechanisms of adsorption of AAs onto soil are due mainly to ligand exchange reactions and less to hydrophobic interactions. Mobility in the Fluvisol decreased in the order of DMPAO (30 cm The mobility of MDPAO and DMPAO was higher than that of PAA and MPAA, and all AAs were less mobile in the Andosol than in the Fluvisol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and mobility of aromatic arsenicals in Japanese agricultural soils

Maejima¹,

Murano²,

Iwafune³

et al. 2011

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…The yield of DPDTAA was 0.67 g (53 %) with a melting point of 238-243 8C. 1 [17] (DPDTAA, diphenyldithioarsinic acid; MPDTAA, methylphenyldithioarsinic acid; PAA, phenylarsonic acid; MPAA, methylphenylarsinic acid; DPAA, diphenylarsinic acid. )…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kamisu, Ibaraki Prefecture, people who drank contaminated groundwater suffered toxic effects such as abnormal peristalsis, spasms and motor dysfunction. [1] Immediately after recognising the adverse health effects associated with these pollution incidents, the government took action to identify the source of pollution and to monitor and elucidate the processes that were associated with the underground transport of the pollutants. Analyses of human samples (urine, blood) for DPAA were made to identify people who were exposed to this compound, and a toxicological evaluation and toxicokinetic study of DPAA and the related compounds phenylarsonic acid (PAA) and methylphenylarsinic acid (MPAA, Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transformation of diphenylarsinic acid and related compounds in groundwater: production of thiol-containing arsenicals

et al. 2013

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Environmental context. Contamination of groundwater by arsenic compounds used in chemical warfare research is a recently discovered environmental problem in Japan. We report evidence that the arsenic compounds originally present in the groundwater are transforming to thio-arsenic compounds of currently unknown environmental fate.Abstract. During routine analyses of groundwater samples contaminated with diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) at Kamisu, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, we obtained data indicating that unknown arsenic compounds accounted for up to 75 % of the total arsenic in some of the samples. Results from using liquid chromatography in combination with elemental mass spectrometry and tandem molecular mass spectrometry suggested that two of the main unknown peaks were diphenyldithioarsinic acid and methylphenyldithioarsinic acid. These assignments were later confirmed by comparison with chemically synthesised compounds. A potential transformation scheme for DPAA in the environment is proposed based on the derivatives identified in the environmental samples.

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“…DPAA has been detected as one of the main arsenic species in these contaminated sites . DPAA has high neural and genetic toxicity (Ishii et al, 2004) and is difficult to be degraded under natural conditions (Hempel et al, 2009). Along with its high mobility (Maejima et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013) DPAA poses a high risk to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphenylarsinic acid contaminated soil remediation by titanium dioxide (P25) photocatalysis: Degradation pathway, optimization of operating parameters and effects of soil properties

Wang

Teng

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) is formed during the leakage of arsenic chemical weapons in sites and poses a high risk to biota. However, remediation methods for DPAA contaminated soils are rare. Here, the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process by nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) was applied to degrade DPAA in soil. The degradation pathway was firstly studied, and arsenate was identified as the final product. Then, an orthogonal array experimental design of L 9 (3) 4 , only 9 experiments were needed, instead of 81 experiments in a conventional one-factor-at-a-time, was used to optimize the operational parameters soil:water ratio, TiO 2 dosage, irradiation time and light intensity to increase DPAA removal efficiency. Soil:water ratio was found to have a more significant effect on DPAA removal efficiency than other properties. The optimum conditions to treat 4 g soil with a DPAA concentration of 20 mg kg −1 were found to be a 1:10 soil: water ratio, 40 mW cm −2 light intensity, 5% TiO 2 in soil, and a 3-hour irradiation time, with a removal efficiency of up to 82.7%. Furthermore, this method (except for a change in irradiation time from 3 to 1.5 h) was validated in nine different soils and the removal efficiencies ranged from 57.0 to 78.6%. Removal efficiencies were found to be negatively correlated with soil Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v electrical conductivity, organic matter content, pH and total phosphorus content. Finally, coupled with electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement, these soil properties affected the generation of OH• by TiO 2 in soil slurry. This study suggests that TiO 2 photocatalytic oxidation is a promising treatment for removing DPAA from soil.

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Diphenylarsinic acid poisoning from chemical weapons in Kamisu, Japan

Cited by 115 publications

References 7 publications

Adsorption and mobility of aromatic arsenicals in Japanese agricultural soils

Adsorption and mobility of aromatic arsenicals in Japanese agricultural soils

Transformation of diphenylarsinic acid and related compounds in groundwater: production of thiol-containing arsenicals

Diphenylarsinic acid contaminated soil remediation by titanium dioxide (P25) photocatalysis: Degradation pathway, optimization of operating parameters and effects of soil properties

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