Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition and the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

The amino terminus extension in the long dipeptidyl peptidase 9 isoform contains a nuclear localization signal targeting the active peptidase to the nucleus

“…the most intensively studied member of this family is DPPIV, which was shown to function in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis (reviewed in [17]). the physiological roles of the two intracellular members of this family, DPP8 and DPP9 (ca.…”

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, obesity and psoriasis: diabetes meets dermatology

“…1), but have not classically included the skin or immune system as key target organs. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), also known as CD26, is widely expressed in the epidermis and on multiple immune cell subtypes, and preclinical studies demonstrating cutaneous vasculitis in non-human primates with some, but not all, DPP-4 inhibitors [20], has heightened awareness of the potential consequences of DPP-4 inhibition on the skin. To date, few cutaneous allergic reactions have been reported with DPP-4 inhibitors, although a recent report of druginduced bullous pemphigoid in patients treated with vildagliptin (n=4) and sitagliptin (n=1) requires further investigation [21].…”

Chances and risks of SGLT2 inhibitors

“…Insulin can be substituted either directly by (in most cases SC) injection or by indirect means to elicit liberation from stores in the pancreas. This is achieved for example by sulfonylureas (Groop 1992) or incretin mimetics (glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors, Amori et al 2007;Drucker 2007). The aim of diabetes therapy is to maintain blood glucose level in a narrow range close to the physiological level.…”

“…Each class of antidiabetics has its own side effects and drawbacks; some classes, e.g. the GLP-1 analogues or the DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4-dipeptidylpeptidase 4) are rather new (for review, see for example Amori et al 2007;Drucker 2007) so that their place in diabetes therapy cannot yet be fully determined. SGLT2 inhibitors provide a new option and may help to increasingly improve blood glucose control together with existing antidiabetics.…”