Dimensional overlap: Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility--A model and taxonomy.

Kornblum, Sylvan; Hasbroucq, Thierry; Osman, Allen

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.2.253

Cited by 1,850 publications

(1,957 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Our valence manipulation appears to tap these processing aspects, because in the bivalent condition, stimulus selection, stimulus-response transformation, and response selection have to proceed in the face of a distractor (such as in the Stroop color-word task, see MacLeod, 1991, for review). Similar processes may underlie stimulus-response compatibility effects (for review, see Kornblum et al, 1990;Lien and Proctor, 2002). However, our data clearly indicate that this aspect is the same across testing conditions (i.e., no interaction including the valence variable and the experimental group variable was significant), so it cannot account for the slowing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Equivalence of cognitive processes in brain imaging and behavioral studies: evidence from task switching

Koch¹,

Ruge

Braß

et al. 2003

NeuroImage

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A growing number of studies on the higher-order cognitive functions of the human brain use brain-imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). For the validity and generality of fMRI results, it is important that the relevant cognitive processes are equivalent to those functioning in typical settings used in behavioral research. This equivalence could be, for example, endangered by different spatial frames of reference when lying in the scanner. In the present study, we tested whether the cognitive processes, as reflected in behavioral data in brain-imaging settings, are indeed functionally equivalent to those reflected in "purely" behavioral settings. To this end, we used a task-switching paradigm with a spatial component, increasing the likelihood to find effects of experimental setting. We compared the data of three different groups that only differed in testing environments (real, operating fMRI vs simulated fMRI vs standard behavioral with upright position of participants) but used otherwise strictly equivalent experimental conditions. Of importance for our validation purposes, unlike previous studies, we included a group with a behavioral setting, and we tested whether we would replicate a nontrivial, complex three-way interaction across all three groups. We replicated the predicted complex data pattern in all groups, suggesting functional equivalence of the underlying cognitive processes. We also found strongly increased reaction time (RT) levels in the two fMRI groups. We attribute this increase to unspecific distracting factors affecting late motor processes and discuss potential methodological implications of this increased baseline RT in the scanner.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Equivalence of cognitive processes in brain imaging and behavioral studies: evidence from task switching

Koch¹,

Ruge

Braß

et al. 2003

NeuroImage

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“…The distractors represented either the truth or lie response to these questions (or were neutral symbols). Even though the distractors were task-irrelevant, we expected that they would bias responding because they overlapped with the task-relevant responses (Kornblum, Hasbroucq, & Osman, 1990). Based on the assumption that lie construction may involve a two-step process, we expected to observe an effect of covert congruency in reaction times and errors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lying relies on the truth

2014

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Cognitive models of deception focus on the conflict-inducing nature of the truth activation during lying. Here we tested the counterintuitive hypothesis that the truth can also serve a functional role in the act of lying. More specifically, we examined whether the construction of a lie can involve a two-step process, where the first step entails activating the truth, based upon which a lie response can be formulated in a second step. To investigate this hypothesis, we tried to capture the covert truth activation in a reaction-time based deception paradigm.Together with each question, we presented either the truth or lie response as distractors. If lying depends on the covert activation of the truth, deceptive responses would thus be facilitated by truth distractors relative to lie distractors. Our results indeed revealed such a "covert congruency" effect, both in errors and reaction times (Experiment 1). Moreover, stimulating participants to use the distractor information by increasing the proportion of truth distractor trials enlarged the "covert congruency" effects, and as such confirmed that the effects operate at a covert response level (Experiment 2). Our findings lend support to the idea that lying relies on a first step of truth telling, and call for a shift in theoretical thinking that highlights both the functional and interfering properties of the truth activation in the lying process.

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“…For example, stimulus-response compatibility effects (e.g., Fitts & Seeger, 1953;Kornblum, et al, 1990) occur when the features of the stimulus matches those of the response, producing faster RTs and higher accuracy scores though these effects can be explained if it is assumed that some responses are more readily retrieved than others given a particular stimulus cue (Wuhr & Ansorge, 2007). However, interactions between task-irrelevant stimulus features and the responses features on RT (Simon, 1969;Simon & Rudell, 1967) are less conveniently accommodated as are interactions between the features of stimuli of one task and the features of responses of a temporally overlapping second task (Hommel, 1998).…”

Section: Discrete Models Of Response Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaching into response selection: Stimulus and response similarity influence central operations.

Wifall¹,

Buss²,

Farmer³

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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iv ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the impact of stimulus and response similarity on response selection. Traditional models of response selection invoke a central processor that operates like a look-up table by matching the perceptually classified stimulus (e.g., green square) to the specified response (e.g., right button press). The look-up property of response selection affords the system the ability to map any stimulus onto any response, even if that stimulus-response has never been paired before. Under such an approach, the degree of perceptual similarity or dissimilarity that exists among stimuli in the environment should have little effect on central operations, the similarity or dissimilarity of the motor response executed in response to a stimulus should not influence response selection, and no interaction between stimulus and response features is permitted, given that stimulus features affect the encoding process, and response features affect the output process, but not response selection itself.Eight studies examine the influence of stimulus and response similarity during response selection. The first two experiments establish the interaction across different task demands between stimulus and response similarity. The interaction was not the result of perceptual difficulty (Experiment 3) and was extended to a new set of stimuli (Experiment 4). A consequence of the design in Experiments 1 -4 was that response condition was confounded with response configuration. In one of the response conditions the target location had three competitors on one side of it compared to the other condition where the target had one competitor on one side and two others on the other side.Experiments 5 and 6 examined the separate roles that response configuration and response metrics had on the interaction between stimulus and response similarity. The mechanism that produced the interaction was the result of competition between partially activated stimulus-response alternatives. Experiments 7 and 8 further explored the role of competition during response selection by turning to traditional response selection methodologies that introduce competition through either the presentation of irrelevant v stimulus information or through presenting the stimulus along an irrelevant spatial dimension.These data have broad implications for models of RS. To account for the ability to pair any stimulus modality with any response modality dominant accounts of RS assume that central operations are performed by a generic set of processes that operate over representations that are stripped of metric information (amodal representations).Response selection works as a look-up table that receives a categorized stimulus as an input and returns an abstract response code as output. This type of model cannot produce an interaction between stimulus and response similarity and thus, the present data provide a serious challenge to these types of models. Finally, the data provide evidence that the metric relationship between stimuli and response matter an...

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Dimensional overlap: Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility--A model and taxonomy.

Cited by 1,850 publications

References 134 publications

Equivalence of cognitive processes in brain imaging and behavioral studies: evidence from task switching

Equivalence of cognitive processes in brain imaging and behavioral studies: evidence from task switching

Lying relies on the truth

Reaching into response selection: Stimulus and response similarity influence central operations.

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