Digoxin Retinal Toxicity

Optical coherence tomography findings in unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome: a case report

“…Although the current case seemed to be a genetic disease such as a macular dystrophy, the family history could not be obtained and the changes were unilateral, so this particular case would not be a case of hereditary macular dystrophy. The possibility of drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome such as that caused by chloroquine [10] and dioxin [11] has been reported. However, there was no history of long-term medication use in the current case, which eliminated drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome.…”

Optical coherence tomography findings in unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome: a case report

“…Although the current case seemed to be a genetic disease such as a macular dystrophy, the family history could not be obtained and the changes were unilateral, so this particular case would not be a case of hereditary macular dystrophy. The possibility of drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome such as that caused by chloroquine [10] and dioxin [11] has been reported. However, there was no history of long-term medication use in the current case, which eliminated drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome.…”

Colored floaters as a manifestation of digoxin toxicity

“… 3 The luminance dependence of digitalis-induced symptoms was consistent with digitalis's effect on retinal photoreceptors. 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 …”

“…Many clinical studies proposed Na-K-ATPase inhibition at the cellular level in the retina as the source for visual disturbances. 12 , 13 , 14 Retinal photoreceptor cells, glial Muller cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells all contained digitalis-sensitive Na-K-ATPase isoforms whose inhibition would alter the electrochemical gradients and properties of retinal cells. 3 , 14 , 15 In normal people experimentally given standard doses of digitalis for two or four weeks, a reversible elevation of the dark adaptation threshold was found.…”

“… 3 , 14 , 15 In normal people experimentally given standard doses of digitalis for two or four weeks, a reversible elevation of the dark adaptation threshold was found. 12 In addition, digitalis had a propensity to cone rather than rod impairment. 1 , 13 …”

“…As the floaters moved around, parts of the retina were subject to varying levels of light and darkness, and this patient perceived the floaters to be colored possibly due to the dysfunction of retinal photoreceptors. Similar to digitalis-induced photopsias that are worse early in the morning 3 or chromatopsias that increase in proportion to the intensity of illumination, 12 colored floaters may have resulted from the varying levels of light and shadows on dysfunctional retinal photoreceptors intoxicated by digoxin.…”

Optical coherence tomography findings in unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome: a case report

“…Although the current case seemed to be a genetic disease such as a macular dystrophy, the family history could not be obtained and the changes were unilateral, so this particular case would not be a case of hereditary macular dystrophy. The possibility of drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome such as that caused by chloroquine [10] and dioxin [11] has been reported. However, there was no history of long-term medication use in the current case, which eliminated drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome.…”

Colored floaters as a manifestation of digoxin toxicity

“… 3 The luminance dependence of digitalis-induced symptoms was consistent with digitalis's effect on retinal photoreceptors. 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 …”

“…Many clinical studies proposed Na-K-ATPase inhibition at the cellular level in the retina as the source for visual disturbances. 12 , 13 , 14 Retinal photoreceptor cells, glial Muller cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells all contained digitalis-sensitive Na-K-ATPase isoforms whose inhibition would alter the electrochemical gradients and properties of retinal cells. 3 , 14 , 15 In normal people experimentally given standard doses of digitalis for two or four weeks, a reversible elevation of the dark adaptation threshold was found.…”

“… 3 , 14 , 15 In normal people experimentally given standard doses of digitalis for two or four weeks, a reversible elevation of the dark adaptation threshold was found. 12 In addition, digitalis had a propensity to cone rather than rod impairment. 1 , 13 …”

“…As the floaters moved around, parts of the retina were subject to varying levels of light and darkness, and this patient perceived the floaters to be colored possibly due to the dysfunction of retinal photoreceptors. Similar to digitalis-induced photopsias that are worse early in the morning 3 or chromatopsias that increase in proportion to the intensity of illumination, 12 colored floaters may have resulted from the varying levels of light and shadows on dysfunctional retinal photoreceptors intoxicated by digoxin.…”

Optical coherence tomography findings in unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome: a case report

“…Although the current case seemed to be a genetic disease such as a macular dystrophy, the family history could not be obtained and the changes were unilateral, so this particular case would not be a case of hereditary macular dystrophy. The possibility of drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome such as that caused by chloroquine [10] and dioxin [11] has been reported. However, there was no history of long-term medication use in the current case, which eliminated drug-induced cone dysfunction syndrome.…”

Colored floaters as a manifestation of digoxin toxicity

“… 3 The luminance dependence of digitalis-induced symptoms was consistent with digitalis's effect on retinal photoreceptors. 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 …”

“…Many clinical studies proposed Na-K-ATPase inhibition at the cellular level in the retina as the source for visual disturbances. 12 , 13 , 14 Retinal photoreceptor cells, glial Muller cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells all contained digitalis-sensitive Na-K-ATPase isoforms whose inhibition would alter the electrochemical gradients and properties of retinal cells. 3 , 14 , 15 In normal people experimentally given standard doses of digitalis for two or four weeks, a reversible elevation of the dark adaptation threshold was found.…”

“… 3 , 14 , 15 In normal people experimentally given standard doses of digitalis for two or four weeks, a reversible elevation of the dark adaptation threshold was found. 12 In addition, digitalis had a propensity to cone rather than rod impairment. 1 , 13 …”

“…As the floaters moved around, parts of the retina were subject to varying levels of light and darkness, and this patient perceived the floaters to be colored possibly due to the dysfunction of retinal photoreceptors. Similar to digitalis-induced photopsias that are worse early in the morning 3 or chromatopsias that increase in proportion to the intensity of illumination, 12 colored floaters may have resulted from the varying levels of light and shadows on dysfunctional retinal photoreceptors intoxicated by digoxin.…”