Digital Identity and the Blockchain: Universal Identity Management and the Concept of the “Self-Sovereign” Individual

Zwitter, Andrej; Gstrein, Oskar Josef; Yap, Evan

doi:10.3389/fbloc.2020.00026

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…In this way, a closed sustainable recycling loop is formed using a CE to support individuals as well as recyclers. The proposed loop will implement plastic recycling as a globally recognizable and tradable scheme that can support small-scale businesses or individuals with a cleaner environment [36,37]. Humans have progressively produced eight trillion kg of plastic, the majority of which still exists in the environment as waste.…”

Section: Prospective Proposal On Plastic Recycling and Blockchain Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Plastic Recycling and Remolding Circular Economy Using the Technology of Trust–Blockchain

et al. 2021

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Global plastic waste is increasing rapidly. In general, densely populated regions generate tons of plastic waste daily, which is sometimes disposed of on land or diverged to sea. Most of the plastics created in the form of waste have complex degradation behavior and are non-biodegradable by nature. These remain intact in the environment for a long time span and potentially originate complications within terrestrial and marine life ecosystems. The strategic management of plastic waste and recycling can preserve environmental species and associated costs. The key contribution in this work focuses on ongoing efforts to utilize plastic waste by introducing blockchain during plastic waste recycling. It is proposed that the efficiency of plastic recycling can be improved enormously by using the blockchain phenomenon. Automation for the segregation and collection of plastic waste can effectively establish a globally recognizable tool using blockchain-based applications. Collection and sorting of plastic recycling are feasible by keeping track of plastic with unique codes or digital badges throughout the supply chain. This approach can support a collaborative digital consortium for efficient plastic waste management, which can bring together multiple stakeholders, plastic manufacturers, government entities, retailers, suppliers, waste collectors, and recyclers.

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Section: Prospective Proposal On Plastic Recycling and Blockchain Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Plastic Recycling and Remolding Circular Economy Using the Technology of Trust–Blockchain

et al. 2021

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“…Users in this group of organizations can then leverage the same credentials and data to access resources from every organization within the group for the repurposing of identity credentials. One of the biggest challenges of siloed approaches of central and federated systems is overburdening users with identity management (Zwitter et al, 2020). Compared to conventional centralized digital identity models, these credentials allow for access to more than one system as opposed to being limited to one organization per credential.…”

Section: Detail To Understand Key Programmatic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither private nor public sector solves the whole street identity problem individually -they solve it together in the hands of and under control of the user. This emphasizes a high level of commitment between the public and private sectors that requires cooperation and collaboration between the two to enhance the state of national cyber security, which is especially important considering that the digitalization of government services includes the need for a safe, portable, and easily accessible digital identity (Zwitter et al, 2020). The advancement of technology continues to outpace security -as such, changes are required in how these sectors approach and implement cybersecurity strategies and practices while preserving innovation and ease of use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized, Self-Sovereign, Consortium: The Future of Digital Identity in Canada

Boysen

2021

Front. Blockchain

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This article introduces how SecureKey Technologies Inc. (SecureKey) worked with various network participants and innovation partners alongside government, corporate, and consumer-focused collaborators, in a consortium approach to create a mutually beneficial network of self-sovereign identity (SSI) principles with blockchain in Canada. These principles are based on giving users ownership and control over all of their digital identity attributes as an alternative approach to the current status quo of centralized digital identity, which focuses on discrete identities are made within individual online properties. Blockchain is used as the foundation for its strong security protocols to prevent information from being identified, accessed, or misused and uphold SSI principles. This article will consider the current status quo of digital identity known as centralized digital identity and comparisons to the case study’s emphasis on the alternative thinking of SSI with principles with blockchain, which prioritizes a decentralized, self-sovereign, consortium approach as opposed to discrete identities within individual online properties. Each of these principles will be explained in detail before highlighting the practical implications, lessons learned for future applications, and how both the Canadian and global identity landscapes should proceed for wider acceptance of SSI with blockchain. The case study detailed – that of Verified.Me – will demonstrate how blockchain developers can actively work to help partners transition from current identity silos to instead collaborate across varied industries and create a cohesive, secure service and digital identity network that benefits users through SSI principles and the benefits of blockchain. We also offer recommendations for how both the Canadian and global identity landscapes should proceed for wider acceptance of SSI with blockchain, the benefits of doing so, and anticipated barriers affecting the adoption of future decentralized identity initiatives.

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“…27 Proponents might see a golden opportunity for a new area of individual autonomy based on 'self-sovereignty' in 'cloud communities', 28 as well as a bright future for privacy with the advent of 'zero-knowledge proof' which curtails the necessity to exchange personal data. 29 We acknowledge such potential for meaningful progress. Cum grano salis though, we respectfully submit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…conventional cryptocurrencies), or very centralised and top-down digital identity programs that demand individuals to 'normalise' themselves in order to fit pre-defined categories. 94 However, it is also obvious that such systems require basic technical infrastructure to be in place, which needs to work reliably, and reach all parts of the population. Furthermore, existing approaches to governance and institutional competencies might have to be reconsidered or shifted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain and Citizenship: Uneasy Bedfellows

Gstrein

Kochenov²

2020

Preprint

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Distributed Ledger Technology can be an effective tool for resource distribution. As individuals and organisations explore innovations which allow to redefine the rules of access, possession and sharing these developments also become important for the future of self-determination. Demonstrated through credit scoring and ‘social credit systems’, the identity of an individual is intertwined with resource access, possession and transferability. A key pre-requisite for participation is formal legal status, which translates to citizenship. However, many proponents of Distributed Ledger Technology focus predominantly on technological features and capabilities, which might enable the implementation of concepts such as decentralised governance, ‘self-sovereign identity’ management, and trust-less transactions based on ‘zero-knowledge proof’. Nevertheless, such narrow consideration overlooks existing legal and political realities. Considering the lessons learned from citizenship, it becomes questionable whether Blockchain as player in the area of identity management will ultimately increase human dignity, or further manifest traditional patterns of discrimination and inequality.

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Digital Identity and the Blockchain: Universal Identity Management and the Concept of the “Self-Sovereign” Individual

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Efficient Plastic Recycling and Remolding Circular Economy Using the Technology of Trust–Blockchain

Efficient Plastic Recycling and Remolding Circular Economy Using the Technology of Trust–Blockchain

Decentralized, Self-Sovereign, Consortium: The Future of Digital Identity in Canada

Blockchain and Citizenship: Uneasy Bedfellows

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