Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of viral encephalitis

Kıroğlu, Yılmaz; Çallı, Cem; Yünten, Nilgün; Kitiş, Ömer; Kocaman, Ayşe Sağduyu; Karabulut, Nevzat; Isaev, Hasan; Yagci, Baki

doi:10.1007/s00234-006-0143-7

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this respect, recent data from animal models show that emotional and behavioral stress situations that are frequently described preceding a TGA may alter the release of glutamate leading to metabolic stress of CA1 neurons. 8,49,50 Similar MR signal changes in the hippocampus indicating impaired diffusion have also been observed in encephalitis, 51 multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy, [22][23][24]52,53 although the time course and lesion size clearly differed from the focal nature and homogenous time course observed in TGA. The diffusion changes observed in encephalitis are a phase-dependent reflection of the underlying pathological changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Evolution of hippocampal CA‐1 diffusion lesions in transient global amnesia

Bartsch

Alfke

Deuschl

et al. 2007

Annals of Neurology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Evolution of hippocampal CA‐1 diffusion lesions in transient global amnesia

Bartsch

Alfke

Deuschl

et al. 2007

Annals of Neurology

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“…(13,20,21) Again encephalitic lesions can be seen more clearly and broadly in DWI than other conventional sequences in early stage and with conventional sequences DWI can be used to determine the phase of the disease. (22,21) In late acute and sub-acute stages the perivascular cuffing and vasculitis diminishes and so the diffusion restriction decreases and ADC value rises. (23) This stage now becomes vasogenic edema and this is responsible for the T2W hyperintensities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging Spectrum of Japanese B Encephalitis in Pediatric Age Group

Borah¹,

Dhingani²,

Gogoi³

2015

jemds

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BACKGROUND: Japanese B encephalitis is an important public health problem, mainly in the districts of upper Assam. MRI Brain with its conventional T2/FLAIR sequences as well as DWI & ADC mapping can clearly depict the site & extent of involvement of different parts of the brain along with any associated coinfections. Especially DWI sequence shows findings that closely follows the pathological changes of the encephalitic process. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Japanese B encephalitis in pediatric age group with MRI Brain. METHODS: It is a retrospective descriptive observational study carried out on AES cases referred to our department from Pediatric department for MRI Brain during January-September 2015. All cases were evaluated as per following protocol. Axial T1-weighted (T1-W) & T2-weighted (T2-W), axial & coronal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery pulse image (FLAIR), axial GRE/SWI and axial Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with ADC (Apparent diffusion coefficient) sequences were taken. In cases where contrast study was indicated, post contrast T1-W fat saturated (T1FS) sequence in axial, coronal and saggital planes were taken. Serological tests, i.e., MAC ELISA and VNT, for the diagnosis of JE were done by using paired blood & CSF samples. RESULTS: Out of the 24 cases referred for MRI evaluation, JE was confirmed serologically in 21 patients. Most of the cases showed symmetrical T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in bilateral Thalami & Substantia nigra. CONCLUSION: Japanese B Encephalitis is the most common & important cause of AES in this region of Upper Assam, especially in pediatric age group mainly in the rainy season. MRI could detect the disease process as efficiently as that of serological and CSF studies along with its coinfections.

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“…The most common abnormalities include areas of increased signal on T2 and FLAIR sequences. Diffusion-weighted imaging sequences may demonstrate abnormalities from before, or more extensive images than those seen in T2 and FLAIR sequences [45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Viral Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Intensive Care of Patients with Acute CNS Infections

Beckham

Tyler

2012

Neurotherapeutics

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Summary Infections in the central nervous system (CNS) are caused by a wide range of microorganisms resulting in distinct clinical syndromes including meningitis, encephalitis, and pyogenic infections, such as empyema and brain abscess. Bacterial and viral infections in the CNS can be rapidly fatal and can result in severe disability in survivors. Appropriate identification and acute management of these infections often occurs in a critical care setting and is vital to improving outcomes in this group of patients. This review of diagnosis and management of acute bacterial and viral infections in the CNS provides a general approach to patients with a suspected CNS infection and also provides a more detailed review of the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, brain abscess, and subdural empyema.

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Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of viral encephalitis

Abstract: DWI is superior to other conventional diagnostic MR sequences in the detection of early viral encephalitic lesions and depiction of the lesion borders and, in combination with other sequences, DWI may contribute to the determination of the disease phase.

Cited by 57 publications

References 17 publications

Evolution of hippocampal CA‐1 diffusion lesions in transient global amnesia

Evolution of hippocampal CA‐1 diffusion lesions in transient global amnesia

MR Imaging Spectrum of Japanese B Encephalitis in Pediatric Age Group

Neuro-Intensive Care of Patients with Acute CNS Infections

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