Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis Syndrome: Probable Cause

Is it canine DUSN?

“…Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM‐DUSN with B . procyonis in two species of non‐human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease.…”

“…However, its role in DUSN was originally dismissed out of hand, as patients did not have concomitant or preceding NLM/CNS disease, nor were considered to have raccoon exposure because they lived in cities. 41 Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM-DUSN with B. procyonis in two species of non-human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease. On the basis of the association between the intraocular migration of nematodes in man and DUSN, it is now appropriate to consider the possible role of nematodes in one form of retinopathy we refer to as canine DUSN.…”

Is it canine DUSN?

“…Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM‐DUSN with B . procyonis in two species of non‐human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease.…”

“…However, its role in DUSN was originally dismissed out of hand, as patients did not have concomitant or preceding NLM/CNS disease, nor were considered to have raccoon exposure because they lived in cities. 41 Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM-DUSN with B. procyonis in two species of non-human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease. On the basis of the association between the intraocular migration of nematodes in man and DUSN, it is now appropriate to consider the possible role of nematodes in one form of retinopathy we refer to as canine DUSN.…”

Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis in Europe

“…Based on this criterion, Gass et al suggested that two different categories of nematodes could be implicated in this disease, and that they are related to endemic areas (2). Thus, the smaller nematodes group (400-1000 µm), which includes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum, was more frequently found in patients from the southeastern United States; in comparison, the larger nematodes group (1500-2000 µm), which includes Baylisascaris procyonis, was typically seen in patients from the northern midwest region of the United States (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Ocular Parasitic Diseases: A Review on Toxocariasis and Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis

“…Reports suggest B. procyonis, A. caninum, Dirofilaria, and a larval form of T. canis as possible infectious agents involved in DUSN. 50 However, the larval form of T. canis is smaller than the worm that causes DUSN and there is a lack of serologic evidence to support the mentioned reports. In addition, funduscopic manifestations are different than those associated with other forms of ocular toxocariasis and the high prevalence of T. canis does not correlate with the scant number of DUSN cases reported.…”

Is it canine DUSN?

“…Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM‐DUSN with B . procyonis in two species of non‐human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease.…”

“…However, its role in DUSN was originally dismissed out of hand, as patients did not have concomitant or preceding NLM/CNS disease, nor were considered to have raccoon exposure because they lived in cities. 41 Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM-DUSN with B. procyonis in two species of non-human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease. On the basis of the association between the intraocular migration of nematodes in man and DUSN, it is now appropriate to consider the possible role of nematodes in one form of retinopathy we refer to as canine DUSN.…”

Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis in Europe

“…Based on this criterion, Gass et al suggested that two different categories of nematodes could be implicated in this disease, and that they are related to endemic areas (2). Thus, the smaller nematodes group (400-1000 µm), which includes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum, was more frequently found in patients from the southeastern United States; in comparison, the larger nematodes group (1500-2000 µm), which includes Baylisascaris procyonis, was typically seen in patients from the northern midwest region of the United States (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Ocular Parasitic Diseases: A Review on Toxocariasis and Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis

“…Reports suggest B. procyonis, A. caninum, Dirofilaria, and a larval form of T. canis as possible infectious agents involved in DUSN. 50 However, the larval form of T. canis is smaller than the worm that causes DUSN and there is a lack of serologic evidence to support the mentioned reports. In addition, funduscopic manifestations are different than those associated with other forms of ocular toxocariasis and the high prevalence of T. canis does not correlate with the scant number of DUSN cases reported.…”

Is it canine DUSN?

“…Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM‐DUSN with B . procyonis in two species of non‐human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease.…”

“…However, its role in DUSN was originally dismissed out of hand, as patients did not have concomitant or preceding NLM/CNS disease, nor were considered to have raccoon exposure because they lived in cities. 41 Both assertions were soundly debunked 26,42 ; experimental studies producing OLM-DUSN with B. procyonis in two species of non-human primates and various rodents 23,24,39 confirmed its role in the disease. On the basis of the association between the intraocular migration of nematodes in man and DUSN, it is now appropriate to consider the possible role of nematodes in one form of retinopathy we refer to as canine DUSN.…”

Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis in Europe

“…Based on this criterion, Gass et al suggested that two different categories of nematodes could be implicated in this disease, and that they are related to endemic areas (2). Thus, the smaller nematodes group (400-1000 µm), which includes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum, was more frequently found in patients from the southeastern United States; in comparison, the larger nematodes group (1500-2000 µm), which includes Baylisascaris procyonis, was typically seen in patients from the northern midwest region of the United States (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Ocular Parasitic Diseases: A Review on Toxocariasis and Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis

“…Reports suggest B. procyonis, A. caninum, Dirofilaria, and a larval form of T. canis as possible infectious agents involved in DUSN. 50 However, the larval form of T. canis is smaller than the worm that causes DUSN and there is a lack of serologic evidence to support the mentioned reports. In addition, funduscopic manifestations are different than those associated with other forms of ocular toxocariasis and the high prevalence of T. canis does not correlate with the scant number of DUSN cases reported.…”