Differing Contributions of Classical Risk Factors to Type 2 Diabetes in Multi-Ethnic Malaysian Populations

Abstract

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is escalating rapidly in Asian countries, with the rapid increase likely attributable to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Recent research suggests that common genetic risk variants contribute minimally to the rapidly rising prevalence. Rather, recent changes in dietary patterns and physical activity may be more important. This nested case-control study assessed the association and predictive utility of type 2 diabetes lifestyle risk factors in participants from Malaysia, an understudied Asian population with comparatively high disease prevalence. The study sample comprised 4077 participants from The Malaysian Cohort project and included sub-samples from the three major ancestral groups: Malay (n = 1323), Chinese (n = 1344) and Indian (n = 1410). Association of lifestyle factors with type 2 diabetes was assessed within and across ancestral groups using logistic regression. Predictive utility was quantified and compared between groups using the Area Under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). In predictive models including age, gender, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, location, family history of diabetes and average sleep duration, the AUC ranged from 0.76 to 0.85 across groups and was significantly higher in Chinese than Malays or Indians, likely reflecting anthropometric differences. This study suggests that obesity, advancing age, a family history of diabetes and living in a rural area are important drivers of the escalating prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Malaysia.

Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes patients: A two-centre study in a developing country

“…In the viral hepatitis infection, the viral-host genome integration causes chromosomal instability, mutagenesis, and activation of tumour-associated genes, resulting in uncontrolled proliferation of faulty hepatocytes that vary depending on genetic influences [ 44 , 45 ]. Aside from the genetic-environmental influence, risk factors prevention, dietary composition, behavioural and biological factors differ greatly between ethnicities [ 46 ]. In this study, Malay with hepatitis has the highest odds of HCC is possible to the higher occurrence of metabolic diseases such as DM, obesity, and dyslipidaemia among Malay compared to the Chinese population [ 47 ].…”

Factors Associated with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women of Childbearing Age in A Selected Community in Malaysia

“…The sample size was calculated using the formula for multiple regression (Milton, 1986). Based on the factors associated with T2D risk scores in a previous local study (Abdullah et al, 2018), a total of 70 respondents were required for the study. An additional 10% was required to account for missing data, non-response or refusal to participate, yielding a minimum of 78 respondents for the study.…”

“…Diabetes risk score tools have been developed to improve risk stratification, enhance early detection of T2D, identify individuals with undiagnosed diabetes, and raise awareness in the population to modify risk factors and practice a healthier lifestyle (Saleem et al, 2017;Dugee et al, 2015). Some of the diabetes risk score tools that have been used in the Malaysian population include the Australian T2D risk assessment tool (AUSDRISK) (Hasbullah et al, 2021), Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) (Lim et al, 2020;Oo et al, 2020) and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (Abdullah et al, 2018). Nonetheless, none of these studies assessed T2D risk specifically in Malaysian women of childbearing age.…”

The Effect of Web-Based Education Programs on Self-Efficacy and Self-Care Behavior in Quality of Life Among Diabetic Type 2 Patients in Public Hospital

“…The phenomenon of diabetes mellitus is a global challenge today and has reached an alarming level. Several factors have triggered the development of 90% type 2 diabetes and caused metabolic disorders characterized by a variety of complications (Abdullah et al, 2018;Hameed et al, 2015).…”

“…Based on statistics from The Second National Health and Morbidity Survey, shows that more than 3.4 million Malaysians were diagnosed with diabetes in 2010, which is about 11.8% of the total population in Malaysia, and a dramatic increase of 4.5 million in 2020 (Humaira, 2018). The study from Abdullah et al (2018) and Zanariah et al (2015) believes that apart from the existing factors, cultural practice factors influence this epidemic because of Malaysia's multi -racial harmony and harmony in terms of customs and culture itself, in addition to the influence of family genetics.…”