Differentiation‐inducing ability of sophorolipids of oleic and linoleic acids using a glioma cell line

Abstract

Sophorolipids are biosurfactants produced by non-pathogenic yeasts. They show structural similarity with the membrane components of mammalian cells, i.e., glycosphingolipids and gangliosides, which are involved in processes such as signaling, oncogenesis, and differentiation. Sophorolipids have been reported to induce differentiation in several leukemic cell lines, cell death via apoptosis in a human liver cancer cell line, and necrosis in a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. Here we report, for the first time, the effects of precursor fatty acids and sophorolipids of oleic and linoleic acids in pure acidic and crude forms on LN-229, a glioma cell line. In response to different sophorolipid forms, various morphological changes were observed, such as formation of long thread-like extensions arising from the ends of the cells, cell alignment, cell elongation and bundle formation in a dose-dependent manner. In this study we present the morphological evidence of the potential of sophorolipids as differentiation inducers.

Adjuvant Antibiotic Activity of Acidic Sophorolipids with Potential for Facilitating Wound Healing

“…In terms of the effects of sophorolipids on cultured cells, much of the reported data focuses on relatively impure preparations, and these studies were primarily directed at antimigratory or cytotoxic effects on phenotypically invasive cell lines in the context of anticancer therapy (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) rather than compatibility with and low toxicity to normal (nontransformed) cells. Our observations are consistent with the suggestion of continuing research into possible therapeutic applications.…”

“…In contrast, biosurfactants are a diverse group of surfactants produced by certain species of yeast or bacteria, which represent a more sustainable and perceived environmentally friendly alternative to traditional surfactants. There is increasing evidence that microbial biosurfactants, as well as possessing industrially valuable properties of detergency, emulsification, and foaming, also have significant bioactivities, including inhibitory or antibacterial adjuvant activities against various microorganisms (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) and specific anticancer activity (19).…”

A Biosurfactant-Sophorolipid Acts in Synergy with Antibiotics to Enhance Their Efficiency

“…The supernatant was extracted twice with equal volumes of ethyl acetate, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , and the solvent was removed by rotary vacuum evaporation. The yellowish brown semicrystalline product was washed twice with n-hexane to remove unconverted fatty acid [19]. …”

Anti-proliferative effect of novel primary cetyl alcohol derived sophorolipids against human cervical cancer cells HeLa

“…After confirming the presence of anti-cancer activity in the crude SLCAs it becomes necessary to investigate and report the activity for the purified forms (Refer S3 Fig). Prior presence of extensive literature on anti-proliferative property of oleic acid SL [2,4,5,19] prompted us to divert the investigation on unexplored purified forms of novel cetyl alcohol SLs synthesized microbially by Candida bombicola . Thus, the present study was extended by initially conducting cytotoxicity study of six different column purified fractions of cetyl alcohol sophorolipids (SLCA A, B, C, D, E, F) on panel of cancer cell lines and primary cells.…”