Differential Responses of Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells to Zika Virus Infection

McGrath, Erica L.; Rossi, Shannan L.; Gao, Junling; Widen, Steven G.; Grant, Ashley; Dunn, Tiffany J.; Azar, Sasha R.; Roundy, Christopher M.; Xiong, Ying; Prusak, Deborah; Loucas, Bradford D.; Wood, Thomas G.; Yu, Yongjia; Fernández‐Salas, Ildefonso; Weaver, Scott C.; Vasilakis, Nikos; Wu, Ping

doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.008

Cited by 106 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The ability to culture and manipulate hNSCs provides a critical tool that can be used for a variety of purposes from modeling human disease to high throughput drug screening. [6][7][10][11][12] One of the challenges with hNSC culture is maintaining the "stemness" of the culture. Svendsen et al developed a method in 1998 to maintain primary human fetal neural stem cells in culture by chopping neurospheres into pieces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we developed a way to completely dissociate neurospheres into single cells, which allows us to propagate hNSCs for about 100 passages and with minimal chromosomal alteration. 7,9 Another crucial part of culturing hNSCs is the passaging step. This step is the source of many errors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,17,18 We have also used hNSC culture to investigate Zika virus-associated neuropathology. 7 Since these hNSCs are not genetically modified and isolated from individual donors, it is possible to investigate factors that impact how individuals will respond to various stimuli such as Zika virus. 7 In vitro studies using hNSCs not only provide unique insight into basic stem cell behavior, but also provide an excellent platform to conduct The Journal of Neurorestoratology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access online journal publishing original research and review articles on the subject of Neurorestoratology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Since these hNSCs are not genetically modified and isolated from individual donors, it is possible to investigate factors that impact how individuals will respond to various stimuli such as Zika virus. 7 In vitro studies using hNSCs not only provide unique insight into basic stem cell behavior, but also provide an excellent platform to conduct The Journal of Neurorestoratology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access online journal publishing original research and review articles on the subject of Neurorestoratology. To provide complete coverage of this revolutionary field the Journal of Neurorestoratology will report on relevant experimental research, technological advances, and clinical achievements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culture of these cells has been used in multiple studies ranging from infectious disease to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [5][6][7] This system is particularly powerful if multiple donors can be found as individual differences can be evaluated. However, the technical challenges associated with effect and reproducible hNSC culture still present a barrier in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proliferation and differentiation of human fetal brain neural stem cells in vitro

McGrath¹,

Gao²,

Wu³

2018

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Primary human fetal brain neural stem cells (hNSCs) are a unique non-genetically modified model system to study molecular mechanisms underlying human neural development, to model human diseases, and to screen drugs or validate new treatments. They may also be used for cell transplantation to treat various neurological diseases. This protocol details our methods that can be used to expand hNSCs in culture as well as how to differentiate them into various neuronal lineages and astrocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Proliferation and differentiation of human fetal brain neural stem cells in vitro

McGrath¹,

Gao²,

Wu³

2018

Self Cite

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Teratogenesis

Vargesson

Fraga

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Teratogenesis is a process that causes birth defects or malformations in an embryo or foetus. Teratology is the study of the causes and underlying mechanisms leading to birth defects or malformations. These may include disorders without any obvious structural malformations, such as intellectual disabilities. A teratogen is a substance (from outside the body) that causes birth defects or malformations. Examples of teratogens include medicinal drugs, such as thalidomide; environmental toxins, for example cadmium as well as environmental pollutants, including pesticides and endocrine‐disrupting compounds. Other causes of teratogenesis include viruses, for example rubella and Zika virus; physical compression in utero and poor diet. Animal models are used to study the mechanisms by which teratogens result in birth defects or malformations, and these studies can also give insights into normal development. The study and understanding of teratogenesis is also essential for making safer and more targeted therapeutic drugs. Key Concepts Teratogenesis is the production of birth defects or malformations by external agents. Teratology is the study of the mechanisms that give rise to birth defects or malformations. There are many factors that can result in teratogenesis, including medicinal and recreational drugs, viral and bacterial infections and poor maternal health. Teratogenesis is studied in animal models, for example mouse, chicken and rabbit embryos. Understanding whether a chemical compound has teratogenic side effects is essential to ensure drug safety. Many teratogens (agents that cause teratogenesis) act between weeks 2 and 8 of embryonic development, a period also known as the ‘critical period’ of development when the majority of tissues and organs are forming and being patterned, for example the limbs.

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Explaining Pathogenicity of Congenital Zika and Guillain–Barré Syndromes: Does Dysregulation of RNA Editing Play a Role?

2019

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Previous studies of Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis have focused primarily on virus‐driven pathology and neurotoxicity, as well as host‐related changes in cell proliferation, autophagy, immunity, and uterine function. It is now hypothesized that ZIKV pathogenesis arises instead as an (unintended) consequence of host innate immunity, specifically, as the side effect of an otherwise well‐functioning machine. The hypothesis presented here suggests a new way of thinking about the role of host immune mechanisms in disease pathogenesis, focusing on dysregulation of post‐transcriptional RNA editing as a candidate driver of a broad range of observed neurodevelopmental defects and neurodegenerative clinical symptoms in both infants and adults linked with ZIKV infections. The authors collect and synthesize existing evidence of ZIKV‐mediated changes in the expression of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), known links between abnormal RNA editing and pathogenesis, as well as ideas for future research directions, including potential treatment strategies.

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Differential Responses of Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells to Zika Virus Infection

Cited by 106 publications

References 39 publications

Proliferation and differentiation of human fetal brain neural stem cells in vitro

Proliferation and differentiation of human fetal brain neural stem cells in vitro

Teratogenesis

Explaining Pathogenicity of Congenital Zika and Guillain–Barré Syndromes: Does Dysregulation of RNA Editing Play a Role?

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