Differential Pattern of Infection of Sylvatic Nymphs and Domiciliary Adults of Triatoma infestans with Trypanosoma cruzi Genotypes in Chile

Bacigalupo, Antonella; Segovia, Verónica; García, Arturo Puga; Botto‐Mahan, Carezza; Ortíz, Sylvia; Solari, Aldo; Acuña-Retamar, Mariana; Torres-Pérez, Fernando; Cattan, Pedro E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0237

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In the present study a large number of mixed infections in humans (TcV plus another DTU) were found in the less endemic arid areas of Norte Grande (XV, I and II regions), with levels of mixed infections similar to the most endemic ones (III, IV, and V regions). The T. cruzi DTUs composition in T. infestans (mainly TcI) also presented a very homogeneous distribution all over the studied area, as previously described [Bacigalupo et al, 2012]. Interestingly, unknown genotypes were not as frequent as in human patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in patients of Chagas disease and Triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying in Chile

Ortíz¹,

Villarroel²,

Cancino³

et al. 2017

Agriculture Journal

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In this study, we evaluate mixed discrete typing units (DTUs) of Trypanosoma cruzi present in 69 patients of Chagas disease and 92 Triatoma infestans collected under the entomological surveillance program after more than 20 years of intervention with insecticide spraying in Chile. Our aim is to identify T. cruzi DTUs still circulating in T. infestans and chronic patients to evaluate their impact on the environmental health in endemic areas of the country. Blood DNA or triatomine DNA was used as DNA template for PCR assays. For genotyping, different T. cruzi stocks were used to generate the DNA probes to determine four parasite DTUs or mixtures infecting each patient or vector by means of hybridization assays. We found different frequencies of T. cruzi DTUs in patients and in T. infestans. Tc I was the most frequent found in T.infestans, but was less frequent in humans. In contrast, in humans Tc V was most frequent but was less frequent in T.infestans. In conclusion, there were significant differences between the T. cruzi DTUs circulating in patients and vectors. We discussed these results in the context of what has being reported in Chile before the vector control, in neighboring countries, and the selection pressures existing for T. cruzi populations within the invertebrate and vertebrate hosts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in patients of Chagas disease and Triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying in Chile

Ortíz¹,

Villarroel²,

Cancino³

et al. 2017

Agriculture Journal

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“…High T . cruzi infection rates (>50%) of triatomines in urban areas were also observed in Chile [ 31 ] and Bolivia [ 6 ]. The high prevalence of T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Trypanosoma cruzi identification and lineage typing followed previously described PCR protocols [ 29 ]. We used specific primers from previous publications [ 30 , 31 ] and new primers developed in this study to evaluate triatomine blood meals ( Table 1 ). The list of animals investigated as probable food sources for triatomines are shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent House Invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Triatomines in a Suburban Area of Brazil

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe demographic transition of populations from rural areas to large urban centers often results in a disordered occupation of forest remnants and increased economic pressure to develop high-income buildings in these areas. Ecological and socioeconomic factors associated with these urban transitions create conditions for the potential transmission of infectious diseases, which was demonstrated for Chagas disease.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe analyzed 930 triatomines, mainly Triatoma tibiamaculata, collected in artificial and sylvatic environments (forests near houses) of a suburban area of the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil between 2007 and 2011. Most triatomines were captured at peridomiciles. Adult bugs predominated in all studied environments, and nymphs were scarce inside houses. Molecular analyses of a randomly selected sub-sample (n=212) of triatomines showed Trypanosoma cruzi infection rates of 65%, 50% and 56% in intradomestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments, respectively. We detected the T. cruzi lineages I and II and mixed infections. We also showed that T. tibiamaculata fed on blood from birds (50%), marsupials (38%), ruminants (7%) and rodents (5%). The probability of T. cruzi infection was higher in triatomines that fed on marsupial blood (odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-3.11). Moreover, we observed a protective effect against infection in bugs that fed on bird blood (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.30-0.73).Conclusions/SignificanceThe frequent invasion of houses by infected triatomines indicates a potential risk of T. cruzi transmission to inhabitants in this area. Our results reinforce that continuous epidemiological surveillance should be performed in areas where domestic transmission is controlled but enzootic transmission persists.

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“…Only TcII and TcVI have been found in M. gajardoi in Chile [66,67], TcI and TcII in M. spinolai [66] and subsequently TcI, TcII, TcV, and TcVI [68], while in T. infestans, the most important [69].…”

Section: Trypanosoma Cruzi Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Epidemiology of Chagas Disease in Chile

Lambarri¹,

Cifuentes²,

Ayala³

et al. 2018

Chagas Disease - Basic Investigations and Challenges

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There are four vector species of Chagas disease in Chile: Triatoma infestans, responsible for the domestic cycle; Mepraia spinolai, the main wild vector; and M. gajardoi and M. parapatrica, two coastal wild species whose importance as vectors is not well known. They are species of dry environments of the central-north region of Chile, whose best predictors of distribution are warm average temperatures and low rainfall. They are found in rock quarries, nests of birds, and small mammals, and T. infestans has sylvatic foci associated with a Bromeliaceae species. While human blood represents 70% of the diet of T. infestans, in M. spinolai this value is 7%, which means that a large part of Chagas disease in Chile is due to T. infestans. However, all species have high percentages of T. cruzi infection. Chagas disease in Chile follows the distribution of T. infestans, and although the cycle of domestic transmission by this vector is interrupted, there is still a constant prevalence and mortality and ascending incidences. Models predict that although climate change will not vary greatly the north-south distribution of vectors, it could increase the reproductive number of the disease, increasing risk areas of Chagas disease.

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Differential Pattern of Infection of Sylvatic Nymphs and Domiciliary Adults of Triatoma infestans with Trypanosoma cruzi Genotypes in Chile

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in patients of Chagas disease and Triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying in Chile

Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in patients of Chagas disease and Triatoma infestans after insecticide spraying in Chile

Frequent House Invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Triatomines in a Suburban Area of Brazil

Eco-Epidemiology of Chagas Disease in Chile

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