Differential impairment on measures of attention in patients with paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia

Chan, Michelle W. C.; Yip, James T. H.; Lee, Tatia M.C

doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00102-x

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Also, in this study, we use Wechsler digit span task to investigate the verbal working memory and attention, and the findings support the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia showed impairment on both the forward and the backward digit span tasks, and this is consistent with Chan et al [39] and Krishnadas et al [40] who found that the forward and the backward digit span tasks tap different cognitive abilities that are differentially affected with the diathesis for schizophrenia. The block design was used in our study to assess visual spatial organization and executive planning, and the findings were consistent with Reichenberg et al [35] who reported that patients with schizophrenia had an impaired block design subtest and lower linear slope values than healthy comparison individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The association between cognitive functions, cortisol release, and symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia

Fathy¹,

Hamed²,

Ali³

2015

Middle East Current Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe evidence for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in schizophrenia has been reviewed in the context of the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia. There is an inverse relation between the cortisol level and performance on the measure of hippocampal function, especially declarative memory. Aim of the work The aim of this study was to assess the cortisol level and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and to assess the correlation between cognitive functions, the severity of positive and negative symptoms, and the cortisol level in patients with schizophrenia. Participants and methods This is a case-control cross-sectional study. After taking approval from the Scientific and Ethical Committee in Kasr El Aini Hospital, 30 patients diagnosed to have schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV criteria from the psychiatric outpatient clinic and inpatients from Kasr El Aini University Hospitals were recruited. All patients gave consent to participate in the study. Thirty control individuals (healthy volunteers among the medical and paramedical personnel staff of Kasr El Aini University Hospitals) were also included. All the scales show an absence of psychopathology in the control group. They were matched in age and sex. The following tools were used: all participants were subjected to a designed sociodemographic data sheet, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, selected subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and selected subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Laboratory tests included salivary samples for cortisol level assessment. ResultsAn elevated level of cortisol was observed in the patient group. There were highly significant statistical differences between the two groups regarding the cortisol level. There was no correlation between the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the salivary cortisol level. ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia have impairment in their cognitive performance. The level of cortisol was elevated in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal people. There was no correlation between the cortisol level and symptom expression and the cognitive performance. There was a negative correlation between the cognitive performance and the severity of symptoms. 22 Chaudhury PK, Deka K, Chetia D. Disability associated with mental disorders. Indian J Psychiatry 2006; 48:95-101. 23 Byrne M, Agerbo E, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB. Parental socio-economic status and risk of first admission with schizophrenia -a Danish national register based study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39:87-96.Cognitive function, cortisol release in schizophrenia Fathy et al. 41

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The association between cognitive functions, cortisol release, and symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia

Fathy¹,

Hamed²,

Ali³

2015

Middle East Current Psychiatry

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“…For example, tests of switching or set-shifting attention are typically regarded as tests of executive rather than attentional function (e.g., [12]). Indeed, deficits in this executive ability have been widely reported in schizophrenia using a variety of experimental paradigms that tap attentional function, including; cross-modal switching [13], the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [14Á16], the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT [17]) and the Intra/Extra dimensional shift test (ID/ED [18,19]). On a cognitive level, contemporary definitions of attention suggest that this is a multifaceted concept incorporating selective, sustained and divided components [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a cognitive level, contemporary definitions of attention suggest that this is a multifaceted concept incorporating selective, sustained and divided components [1]. Selective attention refers to the ability to maintain focus on relevant stimuli or ideas in the presence of other distracting stimuli and has commonly been found to be impaired in schizophrenic patients on tasks such as the Stroop (e.g., [14,17,20,21]), Go/NoGo tasks (e.g., [22]) or in paradigms where patients have to selectively respond to auditory or visual stimuli (e.g., [23]). Sustained attention (or vigilance) describes the ability to maintain attention and has been found to be impaired in people with schizophrenia in a variety of paradigms, including the Continuous Performance Test (CPT [14,24,25]); the Digit Vigilance Test (DVT [17]), and the Rapid Visual Information Processing Test (RVP [18,26]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and executive function in people with schizophrenia: Relationship with social skills and quality of life

Tyson

Laws

Flowers

et al. 2008

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice

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Executive function and attention are highly complex cognitive constructs that typically reveal evidence of impairment in people with schizophrenia. Studies in this area have traditionally utilised abstract tests of cognitive function and the importance of using more ecologically valid tests has not been extensively recognised. In addition, there has been little previous examination of the relationship between these key cognitive abilities and social functioning and quality of life in this population. Thirty-six schizophrenic patients and 15 controls were assessed on the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) test, three subtests from the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA), a measure of social functioning and a quality of life measure. Analysis of subtest scores revealed that patients were impaired on all attentional measures, but only one BADS subtest score in addition to the BADS profile score. However, 23 patients demonstrated no impairment in their BADS profile scores whilst being impaired on at least one attentional measure. Only the BADS profile score predicted social functioning and quality of life in schizophrenic patients. We conclude that ecologically valid tests of attention and executive function can play an important role in defining the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and how such deficits relate to social function and quality of life.

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“…Psychometric evidence is the primary concern when evaluating the usefulness of a test in a clinical setting [11]. The reliability and validity of the CCPT is adequate for children and adults with ADHD [5,[12][13][14] and the DVT has high reliability in persons without disability and good validity in persons with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis [6,[15][16][17]. However, limited information is available Correspondence: I-Ping Hsueh, School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4F, No 17, Shiujou Rd, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test–re-test reliability of two sustained attention tests in persons with chronic stroke

et al. 2009

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Differential impairment on measures of attention in patients with paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

The association between cognitive functions, cortisol release, and symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia

The association between cognitive functions, cortisol release, and symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia

Attention and executive function in people with schizophrenia: Relationship with social skills and quality of life

Test–re-test reliability of two sustained attention tests in persons with chronic stroke

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