Differential gene expression of the healthy conjunctiva during the day

Alenezi, Heba; Ozkan, Jerome; Willcox, Mark; Parnell, Grant P; Carnt, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2021.101494

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In other tissues, such as in the lungs, PMNs have also been shown to extravasate to the lung tissues during the resting (night) period due to the secretion of CXCL5 produced by pulmonary epithelial cells, which may be controlled by the circadian system (including both the circadian clock and neurohormones) and play an important role in the response to bacterial infection 48 . A study by Alenezi et al www.nature.com/scientificreports/ recently highlighted how the circadian rhythm may affect cells of the ocular surface, whereby genes involved in immune defence, mucin production, cell signaling and turnover in bulbar conjunctival cells were found to be differentially upregulated in the early morning compared to the evening 49 . More research will be needed to determine the role of the circadian rhythm on ocular surface homeostasis.…”

Section: Table 2 the Mean Fluorescent Values Of Lactoferrin Expressio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the rhythmic recruitment of tear neutrophils to the ocular surface and their phenotypes

Jin,

Minten,

Jenkins

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Hundreds of thousands of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are collected from the ocular surface upon waking, while few are harvested during daytime. This study aimed to investigate potential factors contributing to the circadian infiltration of tear PMNs, including changes in IL-8 and C5a in tears, and their phenotypes across different time points in a 24-h cycle. Tear PMNs were collected using a gentle eyewash after 2-h and 7-h of sleep (eye closure, EC) at night, after 2-h EC during the day, and towards the end of the afternoon. Significantly fewer cells were collected after 2-h EC during the day compared to 2-h EC at night. A positive correlation between IL-8 and PMN numbers existed, but not with C5a. Tear PMNs collected after 2-h EC at night were less degranulated and possessed a larger activation potential compared to 7-h EC. Tear PMNs from 7-h EC at night exhibited hyper-segmented nuclei and more NETosis compared to 2 h EC night, indicating an aged and activated phenotype. The diurnal-nocturnal recruitment pattern of tear PMNs may be driven by increased IL-8 in nighttime tears. Higher degranulation and NETs point to the significant activation of tear PMNs on the ocular surface during prolonged eye closure at night.

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Section: Table 2 the Mean Fluorescent Values Of Lactoferrin Expressio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the rhythmic recruitment of tear neutrophils to the ocular surface and their phenotypes

Jin,

Minten,

Jenkins

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…In case of AED, difficulties in ocular sample collection have been addressed by other sample collection methods such as cytologic brushing. Additionally, gene expression studies from bulber swab samples have shown great promise indicating that this technique could represent a great noninvasive way of ocular sampling for omics analysis [60 ▪ ].…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atopic dermatitis and ocular allergy: common mechanisms and uncommon questions

Ghosh,

Mersha

2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of review Atopic dermatitis (AD) and ocular allergy aka allergic eye disease (AED) are two common conditions that often coexist in patients. However, molecular connections between these two conditions are incompletely understood. While common etiologic components including Th2 immune signaling have been suggested for AD and AED, the mechanism how current Th2-targetd therapies (dupilumab, tralokinumab) for AD can augment conjunctivitis is not well understood. Recent findings Differentially regulated genes and pathways relevant for AD disease manifestation are known. In contrast, similar information is not yet available for AED, which could be largely addressed by emerging noninvasive ocular sampling techniques. Emerging evidence indicated a reduction in goblet cell number and mucin production in a subpopulation of AD patients with AD leading to adverse ocular outcomes, while other potential mechanisms could also be involved. Involvement of particular barrier function protein(s) in AED needs further investigation. Summary Modern cytokine-targeted therapies for AD showed elevated risk for developing conjunctivitis. Recently developed noninvasive sampling techniques should be leveraged to identify AD endotypes associated with AED and with dupilumab-associated ocular outcomes.

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“…64 In both studies, cadaver corneas have been used as controls. More recent studies in Australia have developed techniques to collect cells from the cornea and conjunctiva 65 of healthy controls and to analyze the gene expression using RNA sequencing. Total RNA can not only be used to investigate the host immune gene expression but also used to analyze the microbiome of the cornea and conjunctiva in corneal infection patients and healthy controls, which could lead to improved host-pathogen-specific information about pathogenesis and may help to identify potential targets for intervention.…”

Section: Gene Expression During Infectious Keratitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary data from predominantly non–CL-related Acanthamoeba keratitis confirm the upregulation of tear IL-8 in severe cases. 65 While further confirmatory studies are required, it is feasible that patients who have the SNP for CXCL-8 or increased levels of IL-8 in tears could be screened at first presentation of infection/inflammation and deemed a higher risk of severe infection, which may initiate closer monitoring and propensity for the use of agents to limit inflammation, perforation, and scarring.…”

Section: Host Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Genetics of Contact Lens–Related and Non–Contact Lens-Related Infectious Keratitis

Stapleton

Vijay

Carnt

2022

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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Infectious keratitis is a rare but severe condition associated with a range of ocular and systemic predisposing conditions, including ocular trauma, prior surgery, surface disease, and contact lens (CL) wear. This review explores the epidemiology of infectious keratitis, specifically the differences in disease incidence and risk factors, causative organism profile and virulence characteristics and host microbiome, genetics, gene expression, proteomics, and metabolomic characteristics in CL-related and non-CL-related diseases. Differences exist in the epidemiology, demographics, causative organisms, and their virulence characteristics in CLrelated and non-CL-related diseases, and there is less evidence to support differences between these groups of individuals in the ocular surface microbiome, genetics, and pathways of disease. Genetic variations, however, in the host immune profile are implicated in both the onset and severity of infectious keratitis in CL and non-CL wearers. As technologies in metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics improved to be better able to process small-volume samples from the ocular surface, there will be improved understanding of the interplay between the CL, ocular surface, host immune profile, and the microbial environment. This may result in a more personalized approach in the management of disease to reduce disease severity.

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Differential gene expression of the healthy conjunctiva during the day

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Investigation of the rhythmic recruitment of tear neutrophils to the ocular surface and their phenotypes

Investigation of the rhythmic recruitment of tear neutrophils to the ocular surface and their phenotypes

Atopic dermatitis and ocular allergy: common mechanisms and uncommon questions

Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Genetics of Contact Lens–Related and Non–Contact Lens-Related Infectious Keratitis

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