Differential gene expression in the honeybee head after a bacterial challenge

Scharlaken, Bieke; Graaf, Dirk C. de; Goossens, Karen; Peelman, Luc; Jacobs, Franciscus

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2008.01.010

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In recent studies, Scharlaken et al (2007Scharlaken et al ( , 2008 provided evidence that expression of genes and proteins in the honey bee brain is influenced by activation of the immune system. These genes and proteins are involved in general processes other than in the production of immune effectors, and several of them were down-regulated after infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade‐off between immune stimulation and expression of storage protein genes

Lourenço

Martins

Bitondi

et al. 2009

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Proteins stored in insect hemolymph may serve as a source of amino acids and energy for metabolism and development. The expression of the main storage proteins was assessed in bacterial-challenged honey bees using real-time (RT)-PCR and Western blot. After ensuring that the immune system had been activated by measuring the ensuing expression of the innate immune response genes, defensin-1 (def-1) and prophenoloxidase (proPO), we verified the expression of four genes encoding storage proteins. The levels of vitellogenin (vg) mRNA and of the respective protein were significantly lowered in bees injected with bacteria or water only (injury). An equivalent response was observed in orally-infected bees. The levels of apolipophorin II/I (apoLp-II/I) and hexamerin (hex 70a) mRNAs did not significantly change, but levels of Hex 70a protein subunit showed a substantial decay after bacterial challenge or injury. Infection also caused a strong reduction in the levels of apoLp-III transcripts. Our findings are consistent with a down-regulation of the expression and accumulation of storage proteins as a consequence of activation of the immune system, suggesting that this phenomenon represents a strategy to redirect resources to combat injury or infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade‐off between immune stimulation and expression of storage protein genes

Lourenço

Martins

Bitondi

et al. 2009

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…For RNA extraction, the head of each worker bee was separated from the body with the aid of a disposable scalpel (Scharlaken et al, 2008). Each sample consisted of a "pool" of five heads and RNA extraction was performed by using the TRIzol method, using for each sample 500 ul of TRIzol (GIBCO BRL) to disrupt the cells and release their contents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stress level of the bees was monitored by changes in defensin gene expression (Scharlaken et al, 2008). As internal control for quantitative PCR reactions, we used the actin gene (Scharlaken et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Period and Time of Harvest Affects the Apitoxin Production in Apis mellifera Lineu (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Bees and Expression of Defensin Stress Related Gene

Modanesi¹,

Kadri²,

Ribolla³

et al. 2015

Sociobiology

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IntroductionApitoxin comes from a Latin word and means: Apisbee and toxikon -venom, being produced by bees as a way of defending and protecting the hive. The Apis mellifera apitoxin composition varies according to the subspecies development stage and habits. The primary findings are variations in the concentrations of apitoxin proteins throughout the seasons of the year, showing an influence of the environment (Abreu, 2010).The apitoxin injected into a sting contains about 50 mg of dry matter. The major proteins present are melittin; 50% of the dry weight of apitoxin (DWV), phospholipase A2 (DWV 12%), mast cell factor degranulation (3% DWV), hyaluronidase (3% DWV) and apamin (2% DWV). Moreover, AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the period effects (morning and afternoon) and harvest time (30 and 60 minutes) in the apitoxin production as well as the management effects in the expression of a stress related gene. Five Apis mellifera L. beehives were used. The harvest of apitoxin and honeybees occurred three times a week (morning and afternoon at 09h00 and 14h00), according to the following treatments (period and apitoxin harvest time): T1: morning/30 minutes, T2: morning/60 minutes; T3: afternoon/30 minutes; T4: afternoon/60 minutes. The apitoxin was collected by electric collectors. The stress level was monitored by defensin gene expression, using actin gene as control. The results were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer test (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that the better period and time to apitoxin harvest is in the morning for 60 minutes, associated to minor stress for honeybees.

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“…Expression of antimicrobial peptides abaecin and defensin in honeybee larvae was enhanced following their infection with bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae (37). Similarly, apa3 levels in the honeybee head increased after bacterial infection (38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Major royal jelly proteins as markers of authenticity and quality of honey / Glavni proteini matične mliječi kao markeri izvornosti i kakvoće meda

Bíliková

Kraková

Yamaguchi³

et al. 2015

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Until now, the properties of honey have been defined based exclusively on the content of plant components in the nectar of given plant. We showed that apalbumin1, the major royal jelly (RJ) protein, is an authentic and regular component of honey. Apalbumin1 and other RJ proteins and peptides are responsible for the immunostimulatory properties and antibiotic activity of honey. For the quantification of apalbumin1, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using polyclonal anti-apalbumin1 antibody. The method is suitable for honey authenticity determination; moreover it is useful for detection of the honey, honeybee pollen and RJ in products of medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, and food industry, where presences of these honeybee products are declared. Results from the analysis for presence and amount of apalbumin1 in honeys will be used for high-throughput screening of honey samples over the world. On the basis of our experiments which show that royal jelly proteins are regular and physiologically active components of honey we propose to change the definition of honey (according to the EU Honey Directive 2001/110/EC) as follows: Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from nectar of plants or from secretions of plants, or excretions of plant sucking insects, which honey bees collect, transform by combining with major royal jelly proteins and other specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature.

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Differential gene expression in the honeybee head after a bacterial challenge

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Trade‐off between immune stimulation and expression of storage protein genes

Trade‐off between immune stimulation and expression of storage protein genes

Period and Time of Harvest Affects the Apitoxin Production in Apis mellifera Lineu (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Bees and Expression of Defensin Stress Related Gene

Major royal jelly proteins as markers of authenticity and quality of honey / Glavni proteini matične mliječi kao markeri izvornosti i kakvoće meda

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