Differential Cytotoxicity of MEX: a Component of Neem Oil Whose Action Is Exerted at the Cell Membrane Level

Ricci, Francesca; Berardi, Valerio; Risuleo, Gianfranco

doi:10.3390/molecules14010122

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In particular, significant increases in MDA level were observed at 1.5 and 2 μg/larva AZA doses at 24 and 72 h, respectively. A similar study on adult wistar rats also revealed that low concentration of A. indica extract increased MDA concentration in brain tissue (Bamidele et al., ) and intracellular formation of MDA in murine fibroblast line (3T6) increased after treatment with methanolic extraction of A. indica (MEX; Ricci et al., ). The latter authors also suggested that MEX caused apoptosis because of oxidative stress with consequent changes of the structure and functional characteristics of plasma membrane (Ricci et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

INSECTICIDAL AND OXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON THE MODEL ORGANISM Galleria mellonella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

Dere

Altuntaş

Nurullahoğlu

2015

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The insecticidal effects, specifically, changes in hemolymph total protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities of azadirachtin (AZA) given to the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae via force feeding were investigated. Bioassays showed that the LD50 and LD99 (lethal dose) values of AZA were 2.1 and 4.6 μg/larva, respectively. Experimental analyses were performed with five doses of AZA (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 μg/larva). Total protein level in larval hemolymph increased at all AZA doses at 24 h whereas a considerable decrease was observed at 2 and 3 μg/larva doses, and only an increase displayed at 1.5 μg/larva at 72 h. The level of MDA increased at 2 and 3 μg/larva doses at 24 h compared with controls. This trend was also observed at 1.5, 2, and 3 μg/larva doses at 72 h and MDA levels were lower when compared with those of 24 h at all doses except for 1.5 μg/larva dose. Catalase activity decreased at 1, 1.5, and 2 μg/larva doses at 24 h whereas increased at all doses except for 0.5 μg/larva at 72 h compared with controls. AZA led to a decline in superoxide dismutase activity at all experimental doses at 24 and 72 h except for 3 μg/larva doses at 72 h. An increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was evident at all AZA doses at 24 h. AZA displayed 68% decline in GST activity at 72 h post treatments when compared to 24 h. Consequently, We infer that the toxicity of AZA extends beyond its known actions in molting processes to redox homeostasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

INSECTICIDAL AND OXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON THE MODEL ORGANISM Galleria mellonella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

Dere

Altuntaş

Nurullahoğlu

2015

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…Extracts of neem suppress the proliferation and growth of tumor cells through disruption of cell cycle progression. For example, neem seed oil inhibits growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells [14], and NLE shows proliferation-inhibitory effects in prostate cancer cells [18,19]. Interestingly, the androgen-dependency status fails to modulate anti-proliferative effects of NLE in prostate cancer cells.…”

Section: Neem Components Inhibit Cancer Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies suggest that anti-proliferative and proapoptotic actions of neem are selective for tumor cells. For example, methanolic extraction (MEX) of neem seed oil free of terpenoid/limonoid shows significantly stronger inhibitory effects on the viability of HeLa cells compared to normal murine fibroblasts [14]. Comparison of the oxidative stress level in the two types of cells demonstrates that MEX mixture specifically induces the intracellular level of malonaldialdehyde (MDA) in HeLa cells but not in murine fibroblasts.…”

Section: Therapeutic Safety and Tumor Selective Properties Of Neementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in vitro study suggests that proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells were inhibited by NLE, which results in attenuated angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment [13]. In addition, neem extracts show selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells compared to normal cells, which has significance in reducing toxicity during cancer therapy [14–16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neem components as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment

Fang

Kumar

Yadav

et al. 2014

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer

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Azadirachta indica, also known as neem, is commonly found in many semi-tropical and tropical countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The components extracted from neem plant have been used in traditional medicine for the cure of multiple diseases including cancer for centuries. The extracts of seeds, leaves, flowers, and fruits of neem have consistently shown chemopreventive and antitumor effects in different types of cancer. Azadirachtin and nimbolide are among the few bioactive components in neem that have been studied extensively, but research on a great number of additional bioactive components is warranted. The key anticancer effects of neem components on malignant cells include inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell death, suppression of cancer angiogenesis, restoration of cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) balance, and enhancement of the host immune responses against tumor cells. While the underlying mechanisms of these effects are mostly unclear, the suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway is, at least partially, involved in the anticancer functions of neem components. Importantly, the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of neem components are tumor selective as the effects on normal cells are significantly weaker. In addition, neem extracts sensitize cancer cells to immunotherapy and radiotherapy, and enhance the efficacy of certain cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current updates on the anticancer effects of neem components and their possible impact on managing cancer incidence and treatment.

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“…In vitro studies showed that the HeLa tumour cell line exhibited higher sensitivity to neem oil methanolic extract than stabilized murine fi broblast line (3T6) (Ricci et al 2008 ). The data strongly suggested that its toxic target was the cell membrane and that the extract contained one or more agents with antiproliferative potential.…”

Section: Anticancer Activity In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azadirachta indica

Lim¹

2014

Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants

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Differential Cytotoxicity of MEX: a Component of Neem Oil Whose Action Is Exerted at the Cell Membrane Level

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

INSECTICIDAL AND OXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON THE MODEL ORGANISM Galleria mellonella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

INSECTICIDAL AND OXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON THE MODEL ORGANISM Galleria mellonella L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

Neem components as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment

Azadirachta indica

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