Differential control of sympathetic drive to the rat tail artery and kidney by medullary premotor cell groups

Rathner, Joseph A.; McAllen, Robin M.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01568-1

Cited by 102 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Carrive et al, 1989;Janig and McLachlan, 1992;Gatti et al, 1997;McAllen et al, 1997;Rathner and McAllen, 1999). Retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry experiments have shown that postganglionic neurons provide specific patterns of innervation for differential control of the target tissue (Wright and Luebke, 1989;Luebke and Wright, 1992;Anderson, 1998;Luckensmeyer and Keast, 1998).…”

Section: Functional Specialization Of Autonomic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic mechanisms in the autonomic control of organ systems

Biasi

2002

J. Neurobiol.

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Section: Functional Specialization Of Autonomic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic mechanisms in the autonomic control of organ systems

Biasi

2002

J. Neurobiol.

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“…Of the known cardiovascular-regulating brain regions, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is the most established region to contain sympathetic premotor neurons that play a crucial role in the control of arterial blood pressure (Dampney, 1994). However, RVLM premotor activity scarcely contributes to the control of other effector organs, such as the pupil, nictitating membrane, gut, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and rat tail artery (McAllen et al, 1982;McAllen, 1986b;Morrison, 1999;Rathner and McAllen, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimulation of these regions increased the sympathetic activity of thermoregulatory effector organs, such as rat interscapular BAT, rat tail artery, and rabbit ear pinna blood vessels (Blessing et al, 1999;Morrison, 1999;Morrison et al, 1999;Rathner and McAllen, 1999;Blessing and Nalivaiko, 2001). Furthermore, neurons in these raphe regions were activated by cold exposure and central administration of prostaglandin (PG) E 2 , an endogenous pyrogenic mediator (Bonaz and Taché, 1994;Morrison et al, 1999;Nakamura et al, 2002), and suppression of these regions abolished sympathetic BAT thermogenesis and fever triggered by central PGE 2 administration (Nakamura et al, 2002;Morrison, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Sympathetic Premotor Neurons in Medullary Raphe Regions Mediating Fever and Other Thermoregulatory Functions

Nakamura

Matsumura

Hübschle

et al. 2004

Journal of Neuroscience

259

322

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Sympathetic premotor neurons directly control sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the thoracic spinal cord, and many of these premotor neurons are localized in the medulla oblongata. The rostral ventrolateral medulla contains premotor neurons controlling the cardiovascular conditions, whereas rostral medullary raphe regions are a candidate source of sympathetic premotor neurons for thermoregulatory functions. Here, we show that these medullary raphe regions contain putative glutamatergic neurons and that these neurons directly control thermoregulatory SPNs. Neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) were distributed in the rat medullary raphe regions, including the raphe magnus and rostral raphe pallidus nuclei, and mostly lacked serotonin immunoreactivity. These VGLUT3-positive neurons expressed Fos in response to cold exposure or to central administration of prostaglandin E 2 , a pyrogenic mediator. Transneuronal retrograde labeling after inoculation of pseudorabies virus into the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) or the tail indicated that those VGLUT3-expressing medullary raphe neurons innervated these thermoregulatory effector organs multisynaptically through SPNs of specific thoracic segments, and microinjection of glutamate into the IML of the BAT-controlling segments produced BAT thermogenesis. An anterograde tracing study further showed a direct projection of those VGLUT3-expressing medullary raphe neurons to the dendrites of SPNs. Furthermore, intra-IML application of glutamate receptor antagonists blocked BAT thermogenesis triggered by disinhibition of the medullary raphe regions. The present results suggest that VGLUT3-expressing neurons in the medullary raphe regions constitute excitatory neurons that could be categorized as a novel group of sympathetic premotor neurons for thermoregulatory functions, including fever.

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“…Some electrophysiological studies of possible cardiovascular roles of bulbospinal raphe neurons have concentrated on neurons with cardiac rhythmicity (e.g., McCall and Clement 1988;Gebber 1984, 1985;Pilovsky et al 1995) and even in such studies, the possible cardiovascular role of the neurons has proven complex. Subclasses of medullary raphe-spinal neuron also appear to function as a key brain stem temperature control center, regulating the activity of the peripheral sympathetic nerves innervating brown fat (Morrison 1999;Morrison et al 1999) and the tail circulation in rats (Rathner and McAllen 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Medullary Raphe-Spinal Neurons in Cutaneous Vasoconstriction: An In Vivo Electrophysiological Study

Nalivaiko

Blessing

2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Nalivaiko, Eugene and William W. Blessing. Potential role of medullary raphe-spinal neurons in cutaneous vasoconstriction: an in vivo electrophysiological study. J Neurophysiol 87: 901-911, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00221.2001. In rabbits, raphe magnus/pallidus neurons form a link in the CNS pathway regulating changes in cutaneous blood flow elicited by nociceptive stimulation and activation of the central nucleus of the amygdala. To characterize relevant raphe-spinal neurons, we performed extracellular recordings from the rostral medullary raphe nuclei in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated rabbits. All studied neurons were antidromically activated from the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord (C 8 -T 2 ). Of 129 studied neurons, 40% were silent. The remaining neurons discharged spontaneously at 0.3-29 Hz. Nociceptive stimulation (lip squeeze with pliers) excited 63 (49%), inhibited 9 (7%), and did not affect 57 (44%) neurons. The same stimulation also elicited falls in ear pinna blood flow. In neurons activated by the stimulation, the increase in discharge preceded the fall in flow. Electrical stimulation of the spinal trigeminal tract excited 61/63 nociception-activated neurons [onset latencies range: 6 -75 ms, mean: 28 Ϯ 3 (SE) ms], inhibited 9/9 nociceptioninhibited neurons (onset latencies range: 9 -85 ms, mean: 32 Ϯ 10 ms), and failed to affect 55/57 neurons insensitive to nociceptive stimulation. Neurons insensitive to nociceptive/trigeminal stimulation were also insensitive to nonnociceptive tactile stimulation and to electrical stimulation of the amygdala. They were either silent (32/45) or discharged regularly at low frequencies. They possessed longduration action potentials (1.26 Ϯ 0.08 ms) and slow-conducting axons (6.0 Ϯ 0.5 m/s). These neurons may be serotonergic raphespinal cells. They do not appear to be involved in nociceptive-related cutaneous vascular control. Of the 63 neurons sensitive to nociceptive and trigeminal tract stimulation, 35 also responded to tactile stimulation (wide receptive field). These neurons possessed short action potentials (0.80 Ϯ 0.03 ms) and fast-conducting axons (30.3 Ϯ 3.1 m/s). In this subpopulation, electrical stimulation of the amygdala activated nearly all neurons tested (10/12), with a mean onset latency of 34 Ϯ 3 ms. The remaining 28 neurons sensitive to nociceptive and trigeminal stimulation did not respond to tactile stimuli and were mainly unaffected by amygdala stimulation. It may be that fastconducting raphe-spinal neurons, with wide multimodal receptive fields and with input from the central nucleus of the amygdala, constitute the bulbo-spinal link in the CNS pathway regulating cutaneous blood flow in response to nociceptive and alerting stimuli.

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Differential control of sympathetic drive to the rat tail artery and kidney by medullary premotor cell groups

Cited by 102 publications

References 15 publications

Nicotinic mechanisms in the autonomic control of organ systems

Nicotinic mechanisms in the autonomic control of organ systems

Identification of Sympathetic Premotor Neurons in Medullary Raphe Regions Mediating Fever and Other Thermoregulatory Functions

Potential Role of Medullary Raphe-Spinal Neurons in Cutaneous Vasoconstriction: An In Vivo Electrophysiological Study

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