Differential blood counting in fish as a non-destructive biomarker of water contamination exposure

Abstract

Differential white blood cell counting was performed on blood from the fish species Oreochromis niloticus and was used as an in situ indicator of the species' exposure to contamination. Ten young fish were collected in an area influenced by the discharge of effluents and from a fish farm (control group). The fish were anesthetized and caudal puncture was used to collect the blood. Differential white blood cell counting was performed, as well as the counting of total leukocytes and thrombocytes (in 2000 cells). Physicochemical parameters of the water from both sites were analyzed. The water from the polluted area was found to have high conductivity and low levels of dissolved oxygen, factors that indicate poor environmental quality. Fish collected from the polluted site presented higher percentages of eosinophils and monocytes and fewer thrombocytes because of exposure to pollution and hypoxic conditions. The differential white blood cell count represents a suitable biomarker of environmental health and provides a tool for biomonitoring water quality.

Mucociliary transport, differential white blood cells, and cyto-genotoxicity in peripheral erythrocytes in fish from a polluted urban pond

“…Rothenberg and Hogan (2006) showed that eosinophils are pleiotropic multifunctional leukocytes involved in the initiation and propagation of diverse inflammatory responses, as well as modulators of innate and adaptive immunity. This cell type is rarely observed in the blood of fish, and the high number of eosinophils in fish from the polluted site was surprising: these results suggest that the increase in this type of cell may be associated with inflammatory processes due to either parasite infestation or chemical compounds present in effluents (Corrêa et al 2017).…”

“…The mean weight of the collected fish was 30.0 ± 1.1 g, and the mean length was 10.1 ± 0.2 cm. All specimens were placed in tanks containing water from the respective collection sites and were acclimatized for 60 min to minimize the stress of collection (Corrêa et al 2017). Next, the fish were anesthetized with clove oil according to Simões et al (2012) and to Delbon and Paiva (2012).…”

“…Changes in functional enzymes (Bonnail et al 2016;Vieira et al 2017;Sadauskas-Henrique et al 2017), effects of cytogenotoxicity (Prado, et al 2014, de Almeida Duarte et al 2016, mutagenicity (Araújo al. 2014;Weldetinsae et al 2017), and hematological, immunological, and histopathological changes (da Cruz et al, 2015;Corrêa et al 2017;Thummabancha et al 2016;Hedayati and Darabitabar 2017) all represent well-documented biomarkers used in environmental monitoring.…”

Nile tilapia fed insect meal: Growth and innate immune response in different times under lipopolysaccharide challenge

“…(2007), studying pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) and Corrêa et al. (2017), studying O. niloticus reported thrombocytes as the main cells present in the inflammatory exudate of fish, suggesting that thrombocytes act as defence cells in fish, besides presenting haemostatic functions. Nine hours after LPS challenge, the SWM was found to incite more production of thrombocyte in the circulation blood while leukocytes were returning to the baseline.…”

STATUS KESEHATAN IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus) YANG MENERIMA PAKAN BERSUPLEMEN KOMBINASI DAUN SIRIH (Piper betler leaf), JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava leaf), DAN KIPAHIT (Tithonia diversifolia leaf)

“…Sedangkan untuk menghitung sel darah putih; darah diencerkan dalam larutan Turk's (1 mL crystal violet 1% (Merck); 0,5 mL asam asetat glasial (Merck); 100 mL akuades). Penghitungan sel darah merah dan darah putih mengikuti rumus: di mana: N : jumlah SDM dalam lima kotak (bilik R) P : pengenceran 50 : volume kotak (4.000)/jumlah bujur sangkar (80) di mana: N : jumlah SDP dalam empat kotak (bilik W) P : pengenceran 2,5 : volume kotak (160)/jumlah bujur sangkar (64) Persentase diferensial leukosit diamati dengan menghitung 100 sel darah putih dan diamati secara deskriptif untuk masing-masing jumlah dari tiap jenis leukosit (Corrêa et al, 2017).…”