Different clinical factors associated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in chronic rhinosinusitis

Zhang, Zi; Adappa, Nithin D.; Doghramji, Laurel; Chiu, Alexander G.; Cohen, Noam A.; Palmer, James N.

doi:10.1002/alr.21532

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Colonization of the nasal cavity and sinus with S aureus may be associated with the presence of nasal polyps or disease severity of CRS. 46 However, S aureus is not observed in the nasal or sinonasal microbiomes of all individuals suffering from CRS. 47 CRS patients have a wide detection rate of S aureus, ranging from 15% to 70%, which may be caused by the variance in the disease severity and nasal polyp phenotype.…”

Section: Dysfunction Of the Nasal Microbiome In Chronic Rhinosinusitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of the nose

Rawls

Ellis

2019

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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The nasal microbiome is a diverse community of microorganisms that can be found throughout the nose and sinuses. Bacteria in the nose and nasal microbiome profiles can be detected shortly after birth. Staphylococcus aureus is a key pathogenic bacterium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; however, this may dependent on the phenotype and severity of disease. Probiotics can potentially improve clinical efficacy of immunotherapies and antihistamines in treatment plans of allergic rhinitis, but this requires further evidence. Instructions Credit can now be obtained, free for a limited time, by reading the review article and completing all activity components. Please note the instructions listed below: • Review the target audience, learning objectives and all disclosures. • Complete the pre-test. • Read the article and reflect on all content as to how it may be applicable to your practice. • Complete the post-test/evaluation and claim credit earned. At this time, physicians will have earned up to 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit TM. Minimum passing score on the post-test is 70%. Overall Purpose Participants will be able to demonstrate increased knowledge of the clinical treatment of allergy/asthma/immunology and how new information can be applied to their own practices.

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Section: Dysfunction Of the Nasal Microbiome In Chronic Rhinosinusitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of the nose

Rawls

Ellis

2019

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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“…Sinonasal mucosa from patients with CRS, particularly those with nasal polyps, has recently exhibited properties of a leaky barrier . A plethora of evidence implicates Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) in the initiation and persistence of CRS, postsurgical infections, and poor wound healing . S. aureus also secretes products that disrupt the sinonasal TJ barrier in vitro .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 A plethora of evidence implicates Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in the initiation and persistence of CRS, postsurgical infections, and poor wound healing. [5][6][7][8] S. aureus also secretes products that disrupt the sinonasal TJ barrier in vitro. 9 The products responsible for this mechanism in sinonasal epithelium remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus Aureus V8 protease disrupts the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier and impairs IL‐6 production in vitro

et al. 2017

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Objective: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is known to contribute to the severity and recalcitrance of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and its secreted products have been shown to alter the airway barrier. Extracellular proteases secreted by S. aureus are thought to be important in epithelial infection and immune evasion; however, their effect on airway mucosal barrier function is not known.Methods: To investigate the impact of extracellular proteases on airway epithelial integrity, the purified S. aureus proteases V8 protease, Staphopain A, Staphopain B, Exfoliative toxin A, and serine protease-like A-F were applied to human nasal epithelial cell air-liquid interface (HNEC-ALI) cultures. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), permeability (Papp) measurements, and immuno-localization of the tight junction proteins claudin-1 and ZO-1 were used to assess barrier integrity. Effects of the proteases on inflammation and cell viability were measured using interleukin-6 (IL-6) ELISA and a lactate dehydrogenase assay.Results: Application of V8 protease to HNEC-ALI cultures caused a significant concentration and time-dependent decrease in TEER (22.67%, P < 0.0001), a reciprocal Papp increase (20.14-fold, P < 0.05), and a discontinuous ZO-1 immunolocalization compared to control. IL-6 production was significantly reduced in V8 protease-treated cells (153.5 pg/mL, P 5 0.0069) compared to control (548.3 pg/mL), whereas no difference in cell viability was observed.Conclusion: S. aureus V8 protease causes dysfunction of mucosal barrier structure and function indicative of a leaky barrier. A reduction in IL-6 levels suggests that the mucosal immunity is impaired by this protease and thus has the potential to contribute to CRS recalcitrance.

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“…This perspective is relatively new and more extensive research in this area is being undertaken . Several studies have highlighted the pathogenic potential of S. aureus in relation to CRS in vitro, and an association between disease severity and abundance of S. aureus in patients with CRS is supported . However, there is a paucity of studies documenting the in situ pathology of S. aureus in CRS patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantification of Staphylococcus in chronic rhinosinusitis

Mackenzie

Baker

Douglas

et al. 2019

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background:The sinonasal microbiota has been implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathogenesis, particularly related to the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis is also prevalent within the sinonasal microbiota and may inhibit S. aureus colonization. We investigated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs for measuring absolute abundances of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, then compared bacterial community composition and absolute abundances of these species between CRS patients and controls. Methods: Six candidateStaphylococcus species-specific primer pairs were tested in silico and in vitro against pure bacterial isolates. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) for absolute quantification of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and overall bacterial load were assessed in 40 CRS (CRS without nasal polyposis [CRSsNP] = 22, CRS with nasal polyposis [CR-SwNP] = 18) patients and 14 controls. Amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) bacterial gene were conducted to investigate community composition. Results: Primer pairs targeting the gmk gene of S. aureus and nrd gene from S. epidermidis were the most specific and sensitive primers. S. aureus (CRSsNP = 81.8%occurrence, CRSwNP = 83%, control = 92.9%) and S. epidermidis (CRSsNP = 95.5%, CRSwNP = 100%, control = 92.9%) were very prevalent, as indicated by qPCR results. Both CRSsNP and CRSwNP had significantly (p < 0.05) higher bacterial load when compared with controls (p < 0.05 for both). No significant correlation was observed between S. aureus and S. epidermidis abundances (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Bacterial community sequencing detectedStaphylococcus-assigned sequences in nearly all patients; however, it could not differentiate between S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Here, we present primer pairs that can distinguish between these species. We report a very high prevalence of S. aureus in both CRS patients and controls. C 2019 ARS-AAOA, LLC.

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Different clinical factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic rhinosinusitis

Abstract: S. aureus was more common in CRS patients with nasal polyps, whereas P. aeruginosa was more common in CRS patients with prior FESS history and possibly diabetes.

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

The microbiome of the nose

The microbiome of the nose

Staphylococcus Aureus V8 protease disrupts the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier and impairs IL‐6 production in vitro

Detection and quantification of Staphylococcus in chronic rhinosinusitis

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