Differences in ocular parameters between diurnal and nocturnal raptors

Beckwith-Cohen, Billie; Horowitz, Igal; Bdolah‐Abram, Tali; Lublin, Avishai; Ofri, Ron

doi:10.1111/vop.12126

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(37 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It was found that the modified strip, as previously described (da Silva et al 2013), was tolerated by the animals, without causing excessive stress. The STT has shown restrictions when used in small eyes (Willis & Wilkie 1999, Müller et al 2010, Beckwith-Cohen et al 2015 which also was observed in the present study (Lange et al 2012, Da Silva et al 2013). According to Williams (2012), the use of a modified strip (cut in half with width of 2.5 mm) is a viable option in species of birds with small eyes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Given the difficulties described for the use of the STT strip (Willis & Wilkie 1999, Müller et al 2010, Beckwith--Cohen et al 2015 or even mSTT strip (Williams 2012, Kern & Colitz 2013, Somma et al 2015, Meekins et al 2015, some authors suggest the use of the phenol red test (Willis & Wilkie 1999, Kern & Colitz 2013, Beckwith-Cohen et al 2015. Although this test is well tolerated by birds (Bliss et al 2015), low reproducibility has been reported in large Psitacciformes (Holt et al 2006), and better PRT reproducibility on A. ventralis (Storey et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO.-[Teste lacrimal deSchirmer modificado e tonometria de rebote em papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva).] O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado (TLSm), a pressão intraocular (PIO) pela tonometria de rebote e o comprimento da fissura palpebral (FP) do papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva). Foram avaliados 35 papagaios adultos e saudáveis, provenientes de um Criadouro Conservacionista do Brasil. Após avaliação clínica e laboratorial, as aves foram fisicamente contidas para aferição, em ambos os olhos, do TLSm, da PIO pela tonometria de rebote e do comprimento da FP utilizando-se um paquímetro digital. Valor médio do TLSm foi 6.2±0.1mm/min e da PIO foi 6.4±0.1 mmHg, enquanto a aferição da FP foi 10.1±0.1mm. Uma correlação moderada foi observada entre TLSm e a FP para olho direito (OD) (ρ=0.14) e olho esquerdo (OE) (ρ=0.20). Os resultados podem servir como valores de referência para testes oftálmi-cos para A. aestiva. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO:Teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado, tonometria de rebote, papagaio-verdadeiro, Amazona aestiva, aves, produção lacrimal, pressão intraocular, comprimento da fissura palpebral, animais silvestres. INTRODUCTIONThe blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) measures 35-37cm in length and weighs approximately 400 g, reaching sexual maturity of age at five years. Individuals of this species have a predominant green color, yellow head with blue forehead, and black feet and beak (Forshaw 2010). Because of their vocalization skills similar to speech and interaction with humans, it is bred as a pet (Godoy 2007). Birds are considered animals with great visual acuity, which are important factors for breeding, feeding and flight (Hart 2002, Reuter et al. 2011, Williams 2012, Rauscher et al. 2013). The ophthalmic reference values used for the mSTT and rebound tonometry in these animals lack inter-and intraspecies information.Due to the lack of specific data for A. aestiva, we aimed establish normal parameters for modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and palpebral fissure length (PFL). Also, to verify any correlation among mSTT and PFL. Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) The aim of this study was to describe the modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP) by rebound tonometry and palpebral fissure length (PFL) in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five healthy adult animals from a conservation breeding center in Brazil were used in this study. Modified Schirmer tear test, rebound tonometry and PFL measurements were performed in both eyes, with birds under physical restraint. Mean mSTT was 6.2±0.1mm/min and mean IOP was 6.4±0.1mmHg, while PFL was 10.1±0.1mm. A moderate correlation was seen between mSTT and PFL for OD (ρ=0.14) and OS (ρ=0.20). The results provide ophthalmic tests reference values for A. aestiva.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The aim of the systematic review was to collect typical IOPs for healthy adult species of vertebrates; therefore, some aspects of the variations in IOP within each group of vertebrates were not included in the study. While in healthy animals the IOP is generally not significantly different in the left and right eye [ 40 , 41 , 43 , 53 , 56 – 59 , 64 – 66 , 69 , 74 – 76 , 79 , 85 , 88 , 91 , 92 , 98 , 103 , 111 , 114 , 114 , 117 , 122 – 127 , 132 ] or in males and females [ 41 , 43 , 56 , 58 , 63 , 65 , 69 , 74 , 75 , 79 , 85 , 88 , 91 , 92 , 103 , 114 , 121 – 124 , 126 , 132 , 133 ], it has been found to change with position in flamingos and bats. [ 59 , 60 , 114 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IOP was also found to change with age in some species [ 41 , 56 , 63 ]. While no statistical correlation between IOP and body weight was found in raptors [ 53 ], Long-Eared Hedgehog [ 88 ] and juvenile Yacare Caiman [ 133 ], a moderate statistically significant negative correlation was found in Gulf-Coast Box Turtles and Three-Toed Turtles [ 125 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometry and Scaling of the Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humour Flow Rate in Vertebrate Eyes

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vertebrates, intraocular pressure (IOP) is required to maintain the eye into a shape allowing it to function as an optical instrument. It is sustained by the balance between the production of aqueous humour by the ciliary body and the resistance to its outflow from the eye. Dysregulation of the IOP is often pathological to vision. High IOP may lead to glaucoma, which is in man the second most prevalent cause of blindness. Here, we examine the importance of the IOP and rate of formation of aqueous humour in the development of vertebrate eyes by performing allometric and scaling analyses of the forces acting on the eye during head movement and the energy demands of the cornea, and testing the predictions of the models against a list of measurements in vertebrates collated through a systematic review. We show that the IOP has a weak dependence on body mass, and that in order to maintain the focal length of the eye, it needs to be an order of magnitude greater than the pressure drop across the eye resulting from gravity or head movement. This constitutes an evolutionary constraint that is common to all vertebrates. In animals with cornea-based optics, this constraint also represents a condition to maintain visual acuity. Estimated IOPs were found to increase with the evolution of terrestrial animals. The rate of formation of aqueous humour was found to be adjusted to the metabolic requirements of the cornea, scaling as , where Vac is the volume of the anterior chamber. The present work highlights an interdependence between IOP and aqueous flow rate crucial to ocular function that must be considered to understand the evolution of the dioptric apparatus. It should also be taken into consideration in the prevention and treatment of glaucoma.

show abstract

“…Birds of prey and caimans generally produce less tear fluid than humans or dogs [23][24][25]. As this fluid can only be collected in small quantities, the collection method must be precise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The proteomics of roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris), broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) and loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) tears

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Tears play an important role in ocular surface protection, and help wild animals maintain visual acuity in the face of air and water friction. The proteomics of tears has only been described for mammals. The knowledge of the proteomics of wild animal tears can aid not only in the setting of normal standards for ocular disease studies in these animals, but also to base the search for new molecules to be used in ophthalmology therapeutics. We therefore set out to describe the proteomic profile of roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris), broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) and loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) tears. Tears were collected from healthy animals, their spectral profiles were obtained with an LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer, and the dataset was analyzed against reference taxa. Results: For roadside hawk, 446 proteins were identified, the most abundant being albumin, transferrin, globulin and actin. For broad-snouted caiman and loggerhead sea turtle, 1358 and 163 proteins were identified, respectively. Uncharacterized proteins and transferrin were highly abundant in both species. The roadside hawk tear components and their properties were similar to those described for humans, but with a higher albumin concentration. Broad-snouted caiman tears presented a wide diversity of ontological functions, with an abundant presence of enzymatic compounds. In loggerhead sea turtle tears, the predominance of proteins with ion-transport functions was consistent with possible osmolality-maintenance mechanisms. Conclusion: These data enhance our understanding of birds and reptiles' tears microcomposition and may be used to base the discovery of new molecules with high biotechnological potential.

show abstract

Differences in ocular parameters between diurnal and nocturnal raptors

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

Allometry and Scaling of the Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humour Flow Rate in Vertebrate Eyes

The proteomics of roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris), broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) and loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) tears

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About