Differences in inflammatory marker patterns for adult community‐acquired pneumonia patients induced by different pathogens

Li, Meng; Li, Hui; Xue, Chun Xue; Gu, Li; Qu, Jiu Xin; Yu, Xiao; Wang, Yi Min; Liu, Ying Mei; Cao, Bin

doi:10.1111/crj.12614

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…We observed E-selectin, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) to be most able to differentiate pneumonia from brain injury. These findings matched the elevated concentrations of these mediators previously described in pneumonia 17 , 30 , 31 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Circulating levels of cytokines have been found to be elevated in patients with community acquired pneumonia 13 – 15 , aid in determining pneumonia severity 16 , and may be able to differentiate causative organisms 17 . However, findings in patients with VAP have been more equivocal 18 – 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is based on a small number of clinical parameters and studies of inflammatory markers have focussed on single or small groups of inflammatory markers with only a few studies using a panel approach to cytokine measurement 17 . We hypothesised that diagnosis of pneumonia and VAP may be aided by measuring a profile of cytokines and oxylipins in the serum of ICU patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling inflammatory markers in patients with pneumonia on intensive care

Antcliffe

Wolfer

O’Dea

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Clinical investigations lack predictive value when diagnosing pneumonia, especially when patients are ventilated and develop ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). New tools to aid diagnosis are important to improve outcomes. This pilot study examines the potential for a panel of inflammatory mediators to aid in the diagnosis. Forty-four ventilated patients, 17 with pneumonia and 27 with brain injuries, eight of whom developed VAP, were recruited. 51 inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and oxylipins, were measured in patients’ serum using flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. The mediators could separate patients admitted to ICU with pneumonia compared to brain injury with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.75 (0.61–0.90). Changes in inflammatory mediators were similar in both groups over the course of ICU stay with 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic and 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids increasing over time and interleukin-6 decreasing. However, brain injured patients who developed VAP maintained inflammatory profiles similar to those at admission. A multivariate model containing 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, could differentiate patients with VAP from brain injured patients without infection (AUROC 0.94 (0.80–1.00)). The use of a selected group of markers showed promise to aid the diagnosis of VAP especially when combined with clinical data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling inflammatory markers in patients with pneumonia on intensive care

Antcliffe

Wolfer

O’Dea

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…IL-6 is a known inflammatory cytokine that has an effect on a variety of cells in the immune system, including macrophages 25 . A previous study has shown that along with other inflammatory markers, IL-6 is elevated in patients with bacterial pneumonia 26 . In the murine burn injury – pulmonary infection model, BAL fluid was collected 4 hours after inoculation with PA in sham, untreated PBD1, and MV treated PBD1 mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Microvesicles Protect Burn-Injured Mice from Pulmonary Infection

Rice

Pugh

Xia

et al. 2017

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

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Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among burn patients, despite antibiotic therapy. There is a need to identify innate immune defenses that prevent PA infection in injured adults in an effort to find therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. Here, we tested our hypothesis that Microvesicles (MVs) in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid have a role in the immunity of the lung in response to pathogens. Study Design MVs were isolated from murine BAL fluid, quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis, and injected into burn injured mice prior to PA infection. Survival was assessed and BAL bacterial loads enumerated. Neutrophil number and IL-6 activity were determined. Lungs were harvested and sphingosine (SPH) content analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Antimicrobial effects of MV and SPH enriched MVs were assessed in an in vitro assay. Results Burn injured mice have reduced BAL MV number and SPH content as compared to sham. When BAL MVs from healthy mice are administered to injured mice, survival and bacterial clearance are robustly improved. We further observed that intranasal administration of MVs restores SPH levels after burn injury, MVs directly kill bacteria, and this bacterial killing is increased when the MVs supplemented with SPH. Conclusion Using a pre-clinical model, BAL MVs are reduced after scald injury and BAL MV restoration to injured mice improves survival and bacterial clearance. The antimicrobial mechanisms leading to improved survival includes the quantity and SPH content of BAL MVs.

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“…For example, depletion of BPIB3 has been shown to enhance coxsackievirus B (CVB) replication [50]. BPI l levels have also been associated with acute pneumonia in adults [51]. Proteomic analysis showed that several cellular proteins, such as HSP70 and HSP90, were associated with HRSV virus particles, suggesting functional relevance and potential therapeutic targets [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Vivo

Aljabr

Armstrong

Rickett

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of pediatric infection and also causes disease in the elderly and those with underlying respiratory problems. There is no vaccine for HRSV and anti-viral therapeutics are not broadly applicable. To investigate the effect of HRSV biology in children, nasopharyngeal aspirates were taken from children with different viral loads and a combined high throughput RNAseq and label free quantitative proteomics approach was used to characterize the nucleic acid and proteins in these samples. HRSV proteins were identified in the nasopharyngeal aspirates from infected children, and their abundance correlated with viral load (Ct value), confirming HRSV infection. Analysis of the HRSV genome indicated that the children were infected with sub-group A virus and that minor variants in nucleotide frequency occurred in discrete clusters along the HRSV genome, and within a patient clustered distinctly within the glycoprotein gene. Data from the samples were binned into four groups; no-HRSV infection (control), high viral load (Ct < 20), medium viral load (Ct = 20–25), and low viral load (Ct > 25). Cellular proteins associated with the anti-viral response (e.g., ISG15) were identified in the nasopharyngeal aspirates and their abundance was correlated with viral load. These combined approaches have not been used before to study HRSV biology in vivo and can be readily applied to the study the variation of virus host interactions.

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Differences in inflammatory marker patterns for adult community‐acquired pneumonia patients induced by different pathogens

Abstract: Distinct inflammatory marker patterns were released by different pathogens during acute pneumonia. Significantly increased level of PDGF-BB was observed in acute pneumonia for the first time. It showed a better ability to differentiate MP and virus infection.

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Profiling inflammatory markers in patients with pneumonia on intensive care

Profiling inflammatory markers in patients with pneumonia on intensive care

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Microvesicles Protect Burn-Injured Mice from Pulmonary Infection

High Resolution Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Vivo

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