Differences in biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease between three ethnic groups in the Whitehall II study

Whitty, Christopher J M; Brunner, Eric J.; Shipley, Martin J.; Hemingway, Harry; Marmot, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00239-1

Cited by 99 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…17,18 Three studies reported on multiple South Asian subgroups (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi) separately, 18,22,23 others reported only one subgroup or a combined South Asian population. [14][15][16][17]19,20,26 Most studies used Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometers to measure BP, 15,16,19 whereas two studies used mercury, 18,21 or automated devices such as the Omron (OMRON, Omron Matsusaka Co. Ltd, Kyoto, Japan), Dinamap 8100 (GE Healthcare, Critikon, FL, USA) and Roche (F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) sphygmomanometers. 12,17,20,23 Subjects were seated and quiet for at least 5 min before BP measurement.…”

Section: Overview Of Methods Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,17,20,23 Subjects were seated and quiet for at least 5 min before BP measurement. 12,14,15,[17][18][19][20][21] In three studies, 12,17,20 the average of the second and third BP reading was reported and in the other studies, the average of two BP readings (Table 1).…”

Section: Overview Of Methods Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After contacting three authors to request additional data [11][12][13] and after full text review, the search resulted in 11 eligible articles (Figure 1). [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The EMBASE and Google Scholar search did not yield additional articles. A cited reference search resulted in one newly identified article.…”

Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

et al. 2010

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It is unclear whether the sex difference that is known to occur in blood pressure (BP) is similar in some South Asian populations. This study presents a meta-analysis of the sex difference in BP, hypertension and the role of body mass index (BMI) in South Asian diaspora compared with populations of European descent. We systematically searched for studies that reported BP and hypertension among South Asian descent populations living in Europe and North America. Weighted mean differences in BP and risk ratios (RR) for hypertension were calculated for men and women. We included 11 studies in this meta-analysis. In general, men had a higher BP and prevalence of hypertension than women, for example, systolic BP was higher in men than in women among the Indian (7.21 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.46-9.95) and European populations (6.12 mm Hg, 95% CI: 4.45-7.80). The difference was less in the Pakistani population (4.00 mm Hg, 95% CI: 2.65-5.36). The Bangladeshi population showed a comparatively small sex difference in systolic (2.93 mm Hg, 95% CI: 1.20-4.66) and diastolic BP (0.68 mm Hg, 95% CI: À1.76 to 3.12) and prevalence of hypertension (RR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.66-2.46). Sex differences in BMI for the South Asian populations were greater than those in Europeans. The Indian population had similar sex differences in BP and hypertension compared with Europeans, but Pakistani and Bangladeshi had smaller sex differences. Sex differences in BMI might relate to the blunted sex differences in BP in Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations. Further research should focus on factors that underlie this intriguing sex difference among South Asian populations.

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Section: Overview Of Methods Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Methods Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

et al. 2010

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“…Totally, 12 studies were examined. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] One author 10 supplied unpublished data.…”

Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whitty et al 12 reported cross-sectional data from a cohort design. One study was designed specifically to focus on blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension, 3 the rest had broad aims.…”

Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the blood pressure of South Asian adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European white adults? A review of cross-sectional data

Agyemang

Bhopal

2002

J Hum Hypertens

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Type 2 Diabetes

2006

Wiley Handbook of Current and Emerging Drug Therapies

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Differences in biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease between three ethnic groups in the Whitehall II study

Cited by 99 publications

References 21 publications

Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

Is the blood pressure of South Asian adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European white adults? A review of cross-sectional data

Type 2 Diabetes

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