Dietary ω-3 Fatty Acid and Fish Intake in the Primary Prevention of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

To systematically review the evidence on dietary-3 fatty acid and fish intake in the primary prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Seven databases were systematically searched with no limits on publication year or language using standardized criteria. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were included. Of 2754 abstracts identified, 3 prospective cohort, 3 case-control, and 3 cross-sectional studies met the criteria. Measures of associations were pooled quantitatively using meta-analytic methods. Results: Nine studies provided data on a total sample of 88 974 people, including 3203 AMD cases. A high dietary

The marine n-3 PUFA DHA evokes cytoprotection against oxidative stress and protein misfolding by inducing autophagy and NFE2L2 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

“…13 The AREDS study demonstrated that daily supplementation with antioxidant reduced the risk of developing advanced AMD by 25% at 5 y. Epidemiological studies have suggested a protective role of n-3 PUFAs for developing AMD. [37][38][39][40][41][42][95][96][97] Also, subgroup analysis from the Nutritional AMD Treatment 2 Study from 2013, revealed that high levels of n-3 PUFAs in red blood cells can prevent AMD progression. 98 To assess if antioxidants and n-3 PUFAs could induce additive effects, a second AREDS2 study was designed to evaluate if inclusion of n-3 PUFAs to the AREDS formulation further reduced the risk of progression to advanced AMD.…”

“…35,36 Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse correlation between dietary intake of fish and the risk of developing AMD. [37][38][39][40][41][42] The disease preventive effects of increased fish intake have been associated with the content of marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). 43 Deficiency of n-3 PUFAs in photoreceptors is associated with the development of AMD.…”

Nutritional Supplement Use and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…Results from a recent meta-analysis also supported the protective role of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation 118 . It was reported that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids was associated with reduced risk of late AMD while fish consumption (at least twice a week) was associated with reduced risk of both early and late AMD.…”

Review of nutrient actions on age-related macular degeneration

“…However, no significant evidence was provided in these studies [79][80][81]. A recent review of randomized controlled trials concluded that there was no sufficient evidence to support the role of increasing levels of dietary n-3 PUFA to prevent or slow the progression of AMD [82].…”