Dietary α-lactalbumin supplementation alleviates normocaloric western diet-induced glucose intolerance in Göttingen minipigs

Abstract

Objective: The pandemic of obesity in Western countries is mainly due to the high-fat, high-energy diet prevailing there. Obesity-associated metabolic disorders are the consequence of fat mass increase leading to altered adipokine secretion, hyperlipemia, oxidant stress, low-grade inflammation, and eventually glucose intolerance. Yet not all people consuming a Western diet become obese, and the question is raised whether these people are also at risk of developing metabolic disorders. Methods: Glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and oxidant and inflammation status were investigated longitudinally in lean G€ ottingen minipigs receiving for 16 weeks either a normal diet (ND), a Western diet (WD), or a Western diet supplemented with a whey protein isolate (WPI) rich in a-lactalbumin known to improve glucose tolerance. ND and WD were supplied isoenergetically. Results: Lean minipigs fed WD displayed glucose intolerance and altered lipid profile after 6 weeks of diet but no inflammation or oxidative stress. Supplementation with WPI alleviated glucose intolerance by improving insulin secretion, but not lipid profile. Conclusions: Western diet consumption is deleterious for glucose tolerance even in the absence of fat mass accretion, and dyslipemia is a major determinant for this metabolic dysfunction. Stimulating insulin secretion with a WPI is an effective strategy to improve glucose tolerance.

Whey Protein Components - Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin - Improve Energy Balance and Metabolism

“…Whey protein is composed of several bioactive fractions including glycomacropeptide, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin, with multiple health benefits against cancer, infection and inflammation 14 . Dietary lactalbumin was found to suppress hunger in humans 15 , 16 , decrease weight gain and adiposity in rats 12 , mice 17 , 18 and minipigs 19 , and improve glucose tolerance in diabetic rats 20 and minipigs 19 . Further, lactalbumin and milk protein comparably decrease weight and fat mass in calorie restricted human subjects 21 .…”

Bovine α-Lactalbumin Hydrolysates (α-LAH) Ameliorate Adipose Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6J Mice

“…In Wistar rats, α-lactalbumin-rich whey concentrate supplementation reversed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the muscle and liver induced by a high-sucrose diet [ 22 ]. In Gottingen minipigs, bovine α-lactalbumin reduced serum haptoglobin and C-reactive protein level, resulting in the amelioration of Western diet-induced glucose intolerance [ 23 ]. Furthermore, peptides derived from bovine α-lactalbumin inhibited dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity, suppressed angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, scavenged 2,2′-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate] (ABTS + ) radical and stimulated glucagon-like peptide-2 secretion [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Maternal Western diet during gestation and lactation modifies adult offspring's cognitive and hedonic brain processes, behavior, and metabolism in Yucatan minipigs

“…the day before IVGTT. For IVGTT [at lean status: 8 females WD and 8 females SD; at overweight status: 6 WD (3 females and 3 males) and 4 SD (1 female and 3 males)], overnight-unfed animals received 0.3 g glucose/kg body weight by intravenous injection before proceeding to serial blood sampling, from 30 min before injection to 75 min after injection (52). The end of the injection time corresponded to T 0 .…”