Dietary Synbiotics Can Help Relieve the Impacts of Deltamethrin Toxicity of Nile Tilapia Reared at Low Temperatures

Abstract

The optimal water temperature for the normal growth of Nile tilapia is between 26 and 28 °C, and the toxicity of pesticides is strongly related to water temperature. An alternate approach to augmenting the resistance of fish to ambient water toxicity and low water temperature via synbiotic feeding was proposed. In this study, fish were allocated into four groups with 10 fish in each replicate, where they were fed a basal diet or synbiotics (550 mg/kg) and kept at a suboptimal water temperature (21 ± 2 °C). The prepared diets were fed to Nile tilapia for 30 days with or without deltamethrin (DMT) ambient exposure (15 μg/L). The groups were named control (basal diet without DMT toxicity), DMT (basal diet with DMT toxicity), synbiotic (synbiotics without DMT toxicity), and DMT + synbiotic (synbiotics with DMT toxicity). The results displayed upregulated transcription of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and interferon (IFN-γ) genes caused by DMT exposure and synbiotic feeding when compared with the controls. Moreover, HSP70 and CASP3 genes displayed increased transcription caused by DMT exposure without synbiotic feeding. However, fish fed with synbiotics showed downregulated HSP70 and CASP3 gene expressions. The transcription of IL-1β and IL-8 genes were also decreased by DMT exposure, while fish fed synbiotics showed upregulated levels. DMT exposure resulted in irregular histopathological features in gills, intestine, spleen, and liver tissues, while fish fed synbiotics showed regular, normal, and protected histopathological images. Our results indicated that dietary synbiotics ameliorated histopathological damages in DMT-exposed tilapia through alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as enhancing the immunity.

The Optimized Inclusion Level of Bacillus Subtilis Fermented Azolla Pinnata In Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Diets: Immunity, Antioxidative Status, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Histomorphometry, And Disease Resistance

“…Intestinal morphometric analysis is a critical method for determining the impact of dietary supplements on the sh intestine's absorption capacity, as well as local intestinal immunity, which re ects the sh's overall immune condition (Abdel-Warith et al, 2021; Haygood, 2018; Dawood, 2020 c). In addition, the incorporation of immune cells within the tissues of the sh gut plays a role in immunity (Gewaily et al, 2021b). However, the general morphology of all investigated groups showed a normal appearance, the morphometric analysis clari ed that the addition of BSFA to the Nile tilapia diet has a signi cant augmentation in the intestinal villi at the level of villus height, width, area, and goblet cell number.…”

The optimized inclusion level of Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla pinnata in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets: immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance

“…Intestinal morphometric analysis is a critical method for determining the impact of dietary supplements on the fish intestine’s absorption capacity, as well as local intestinal immunity, which reflects the fish’s overall immune condition (Abdel-Warith et al 2021 ; Haygood and Jha 2018 ; Dawood et al 2020 ). In addition, the incorporation of immune cells within the tissues of the fish gut plays a role in immunity (Gewaily et al 2021b ). However, the general morphology of all investigated groups showed a normal appearance, and the morphometric analysis clarified that the addition of BSFA to the Nile tilapia diet has a significant augmentation in the intestinal villi at the level of villus height, width, area, and goblet cell number.…”

Effect of Treating Eggs with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on Growth Variables, Histomorphometry, and Antioxidant Capacity in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Oreochromis mossambicus) Larvae

“…Antibiotics have been used for centuries as remedies, growth promoters, and health stimulants, but due to widespread misuse and consequences, antibiotics have been outlawed in many countries [ 17 ]. Antibiotics and other synthetic compounds are progressively being substituted with environmentally acceptable alternatives [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”